ASTM D5587-07ae1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
If there are differences of practical significance between test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing. Randomly assign the samples in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
The trapezoid tear produces tension along a reasonably defined course such that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. It is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different fabrics or different directions in the same fabric.
Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, individually or in combination, needed to stop a tear in fabrics of the same construction. The valleys recorded between the peaks have no specific significance. The minimum tearing force, however, is indicated to be above the lowest valleys.
Most textile fabrics can be tested by this test method. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given fabric, depending upon its structure. Strong fabrics or fabrics made from glass fibers ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5587–07a
Standard Test Method for
1
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Added research report reference to Section 13 editorially in March 2008.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a
recordingconstant-rate-of-extension-type(CRE)tensiletesting
2. Referenced Documents
machine.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the
D76 SpecificationforTensileTestingMachinesforTextiles
preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-
D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used.
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed
D 2904 Practice for InterlaboratoryTesting of aTextileTest
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included inAppendix
D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
X1.
Textiles
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric
wovenfabrics,airbagfabrics,blankets,nappedfabrics,knitted
fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be
3. Terminology
untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or
methods, General, refer to Terminology D 4850.
without wetting.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:fab-
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method,
ric, in textiles; peak force, in tear testing of fabrics; tearing
requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported
force, in fabric; tearing strength, in fabrics.
value obtained is not directly related to the force required to
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-
initiate or start a tear.
ogy D 123.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are
provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest
4. Summary of Test Method
peak forces.
4.1 An outline of an isosceles trapezoid is marked on a
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
rectangular specimen (see Fig. 1). The specimen is slit at the
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be
center of the smallest base of the trapezoid to start the tear.The
approximate.
nonparallel sides of the marked trapezoid are clamped in
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
parallel jaws of a tensile testing machine.The separation of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
jawsisincreasedcontinuouslytoapplyaforcetopropagatethe
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Specific. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 5587 – 07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D5587–07a
5.4 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data
recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a
peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength
oftheyarncomponents,individuallyorincombination,needed
to stop a tear in fabrics of the same construction. The valleys
recorded between the peaks have no specific significance. The
minimum tearing force, however, is indicated to be above the
lowest valleys.
5.5 Most textile fabrics can be tested by this test method.
Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary
for a given fabric, depending upon its structure. Strong fabrics
(
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
Designation:D5587–07 Designation: D 5587 – 07a
Standard Test Method for
1
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Added research report reference to Section 13 editorially in March 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a
recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength.
It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these
test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type
tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics,
layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.
Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value
obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak
forces.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric
3. Terminology
3.1For definitions of textile terms used in this test method, fabric, in textiles; peak force, in tear testing of fabrics; tearing force,
in fabric; tearing strength, in fabrics, refer to Terminology D4850
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test methods, General, refer to Terminology D 4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:fabric, in textiles; peak force, in tear testing of fabrics; tearing force, in
fabric; tearing strength, in fabrics.
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D 123.
3.2For other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD13.60onFabricTestMethods,Specific.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2007. Published August 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
D 5587 – 057.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
D 5587 – 07a
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 An outline of an isosceles trapezoid is marked on a rectangular specimen (see Fig. 1). The specimen is slit at the center of
the smallest base of the trapezoid to start the tear. The nonparallel sides of the marked trapezoid are clamped in parallel jaws of
a tensile testing machine. The separation of the jaws is increased continuously to apply a force to propagate the tear acr
...
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