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ASTM D6693-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes

Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of nonreinforced geomembranes in the form of standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature and machine speed.
1.2 This test method can be used for testing materials thickness between 0.25 mm (0.010 in) and 6.3 mm (0.25 in.).
Note 1—This test method is not intended to cover precise physical procedures. The constant rate of crosshead movement of this test lacks accuracy from a theoretical standpoint. A wide difference may exist between the rate of crosshead movement and the rate of strain of the specimen indicating that the testing speeds specified may disguise important effects or characteristics of these materials in the plastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of test specimen, as permitted by this test standard, produce variations in the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that these variations may influence the test results. Hence, where directly comparable results are desired, all samples should be of equal thickness. Special additional tests should be used where more precise physical data are needed.
1.3 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and may be appropriate for use in engineering design with consideration of test conditions as compared to in-service conditions.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2004
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6693-03 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D6693-04(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5617-04(2015) - Standard Test Method for Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004

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ASTM D6693-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypropylene GeomembranesASTM D6693-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
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ASTM D6693-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D6693–04
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced
Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypropylene
1
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile 2.1 ASTM Standards:
properties of nonreinforced geomembranes in the form of D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested under D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, and machine als
speed. D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.2 This test method can be used for testing materials D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
thickness between 0.25 mm (0.010 in) and 6.3 mm (0.25 in.). of Geosynthetics
D5994 Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of
NOTE 1—This test method is not intended to cover precise physical
Textured Geomembrane
procedures. The constant rate of crosshead movement of this test lacks
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
accuracy from a theoretical standpoint. A wide difference may exist
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
between the rate of crosshead movement and the rate of strain of the
specimen indicating that the testing speeds specified may disguise
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
important effects or characteristics of these materials in the plastic state.
Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of test specimens, 3. Terminology
as permitted by this test method, produce variations in the surface-volume
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to this test
ratios of such specimens, and that these variations may influence the test
method appear in Terminology D4439.
results. Hence, where directly comparable results are desired, all samples
shouldbeofequalthickness.Specialadditionaltestsshouldbeusedwhere
4. Significance and Use
more precise physical data are needed.
4.1 This test method is designed to produce tensile property
1.3 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and
data for the control and specification of nonreinforced poly-
may be appropriate for use in engineering design with consid-
ethylene and flexible nonreinforced polypropylene geomem-
eration of test conditions as compared with in-service condi-
branes. These data are also useful for qualitative characteriza-
tions.
tion and for research and development. It may be necessary to
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
modify this procedure for use in testing certain materials as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
recommended by the material specifications. Therefore, it is
only.
advisable to refer to that material’s specification before using
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
this test method. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen preparation,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test speed, and environment of testing. Consequently, where
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be
carefully monitored and controlled.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
2
branes. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6963 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D6693-04. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6693–04
4.2.1 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without smooth-faced grips, are abrading that portion of the surface of
also testing the method of preparation of that material. Hence, the specimen that will be in the grips, and interposing thin
when comparative tests of materials are desired, the care must pieces of abrasive clot
...

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1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
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1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
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5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ASTM D7006-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes

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5.1 This practice covers test arrangements, measurement techniques, sampling methods, and calculations to be used for nondestructive evaluation of geomembranes using ultrasonic testing.  
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1.1 This practice provides a summary of equipment and procedures for ultrasonic testing of geomembranes using the pulse echo method.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
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5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5322-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance of a geosynthetic in field conditions.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.  
1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.  
1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not been updated since 1992.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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