ASTM D2300-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)
Standard Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For certain applications when insulating liquid is stressed at high voltage gradients, it is desirable to be able to determine the rate of gas evolution or gas absorption under specified test conditions. At present time correlation of such test results with equipment performance is limited.
In this test method, hydrogen (along with low molecular weight hydrocarbons) is generated by ionic bombardment of some insulating liquid molecules and absorbed by chemical reaction with other insulating liquid molecules. The value reported is the net effect of these two competing reactions. The aromatic molecules or unsaturated portions of molecules present in insulating liquids are largely responsible for the hydrogen-absorbing reactions. Both molecule type, as well as concentration, affects the gassing tendency result. Saturated molecules tend to be gas evolving. The relation between aromaticity and quantity of unsaturates of the insulating liquid and gassing tendency is an indirect one and cannot be used for a quantitative assessment of either in the insulating liquid.
This test method measures the tendency of insulating liquids to absorb or evolve gas under conditions of electrical stress and ionization based on the reaction with hydrogen, the predominant gas in the partial discharge. For the test conditions, the activating gas hydrogen, in contrast to other gases, for example, nitrogen, enhances the discrimination of differences in the absorption-evolution patterns exhibited by the insulating liquids. Insulating liquids shown to have gas-absorbing (H2) characteristics in the test have been used to advantage in reducing equipment failures, particularly cables and capacitors. However, the advantage of such insulating liquids in transformers is not well defined and there has been no quantitative relationship established between the gassing tendency as indicated by this test method and the operating performance of the equipment. This test method is not concerned with bubble ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the rate at which gas is evolved or absorbed by insulating liquids when subjected to electrical stress of sufficient intensity to cause ionization in cells having specific geometries.
1.2 This test method is not concerned with bubbles arising from supersaturation of the insulating liquid.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions see 5.1.4 and 8.4.
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Designation:D2300 −08
Standard Test Method for
Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical
1
Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope volume per unit of time from changes in pressure with time
from two specimens run on the same sample.
1.1 This test method measures the rate at which gas is
evolved or absorbed by insulating liquids when subjected to 3.2 Thistestmethodindicateswhetherinsulatingliquidsare
electrical stress of sufficient intensity to cause ionization in gas absorbing or gas evolving under the test conditions.
cells having specific geometries.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 This test method is not concerned with bubbles arising
4.1 For certain applications when insulating liquid is
from supersaturation of the insulating liquid.
stressed at high voltage gradients, it is desirable to be able to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
determine the rate of gas evolution or gas absorption under
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified test conditions. At present time correlation of such
responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
test results with equipment performance is limited.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
4.2 Inthistestmethod,hydrogen(alongwithlowmolecular
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
weight hydrocarbons) is generated by ionic bombardment of
For specific precautions see 5.1.4 and 8.4.
some insulating liquid molecules and absorbed by chemical
reaction with other insulating liquid molecules. The value
2. Referenced Documents
reportedistheneteffectofthesetwocompetingreactions.The
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
aromatic molecules or unsaturated portions of molecules pres-
D924Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
ent in insulating liquids are largely responsible for the
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
hydrogen-absorbing reactions. Both molecule type, as well as
cal Insulating Liquids
concentration, affects the gassing tendency result. Saturated
molecules tend to be gas evolving. The relation between
3
3. Summary of Test Method
aromaticity and quantity of unsaturates of the insulating liquid
and gassing tendency is an indirect one and cannot be used for
3.1 After being saturated with a gas (usually hydrogen), the
a quantitative assessment of either in the insulating liquid.
insulating liquid is subjected to a radial electrical stress. The
gas space above the insulating liquid film is ionized due to the
4.3 This test method measures the tendency of insulating
electrical stresses and therefore the insulating liquid surface at
liquids to absorb or evolve gas under conditions of electrical
the insulating liquid-gas interface is subjected to ionic bom-
stress and ionization based on the reaction with hydrogen, the
bardment. The evolving or absorbing of gas is calculated in
predominant gas in the partial discharge. For the test
conditions, the activating gas hydrogen, in contrast to other
gases, for example, nitrogen, enhances the discrimination of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on differences in the absorption-evolution patterns exhibited by
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
the insulating liquids. Insulating liquids shown to have gas-
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test.
absorbing (H ) characteristics in the test have been used to
2
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2008.PublishedJuly2008.Originallyapproved
advantage in reducing equipment failures, particularly cables
in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D2300–00. DOI: 10.1520/
D2300-08.
and capacitors. However, the advantage of such insulating
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
liquids in transformers is not well defined and there has been
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
no quantitative relationship established between the gassing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
tendency as indicated by this test method and the operating
the ASTM website.
3
The original Pirelli method is described by Guiseppe Palandri and Ugo
performance of the equipment. This test method is not con-
Pellagatti in the paper. “Gli Oli Isolanti per Cavi Elettrici” (Insulating Oils for
cerned with bubble evolution, which may arise from physical
Electric Cables), Elettrotecnica (Milan)
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 2300–00 Designation: D 2300 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical
1
Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures the rate at which gas is evolved or absorbed by insulating liquids when subjected to electrical
stress of sufficient intensity to cause ionization in cells having specific geometries.
1.2 This test method is not concerned with bubbles arising from supersaturation of the insulating liquid.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions see 5.1.4 and 8.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical
Insulating Liquids
3
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 After being saturated with a gas (usually hydrogen), the insulating liquid is subjected to a radial electrical stress. The gas
space above the insulating liquid film is ionized due to the electrical stresses and therefore the insulating liquid surface at the
insulating liquid-gas interface is subjected to ionic bombardment. The evolving or absorbing of gas is calculated in volume per
unit of time from changes in pressure with time from two specimens run on the same sample.
3.2 This test method indicates whether insulating liquids are gas absorbing or gas evolving under the test conditions.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 For certain applications when insulating liquid is stressed at high voltage gradients, it is desirable to be able to determine
the rate of gas evolution or gas absorption under specified test conditions. At present time correlation of such test results with
equipment performance is limited.
4.2 In this test method, hydrogen (along with low molecular weight hydrocarbons) is generated by ionic bombardment of some
insulating liquid molecules and absorbed by chemical reaction with other insulating liquid molecules. The value reported is the
net effect of these two competing reactions. The aromatic molecules or unsaturated portions of molecules present in insulating
liquids are largely responsible for the hydrogen-absorbing reactions. Both molecule type, as well as concentration, affects the
gassingtendencyresult.Saturatedmoleculestendtobegasevolving.Therelationbetweenaromaticityandquantityofunsaturates
of the insulating liquid and gassing tendency is an indirect one and cannot be used for a quantitative assessment of either in the
insulating liquid.
4.3 This test method measures the tendency of insulating liquids to absorb or evolve gas under conditions of electrical stress
and ionization based on the reaction with hydrogen, the predominant gas in the partial discharge. For the test conditions, the
activating gas hydrogen, in contrast to other gases, for example, nitrogen, enhances the discrimination of differences in the
absorption-evolution patterns exhibited by the insulating liquids. Insulating liquids shown to have gas-absorbing (H )
2
characteristicsinthetesthavebeenusedtoadvantageinreducingequipmentfailures,particularlycablesandcapacitors.However,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D27.05
on Electrical Test.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally published as D2300–68 T. Last previous edition D2300–98.
Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D2300–00.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 10.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The original Pirelli method is described by Guiseppe Palandri and Ugo Pellagatti in the paper. “Gli Oli Isolanti per Cavi Elettrici
...
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