ASTM E1474-22

Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the time to sustained flaming and heat release of materials and composites exposed to a prescribed initial test heat flux in the cone calorimeter apparatus.  
5.2 Quantitative heat release measurements provide information that can be used for upholstery and mattress product designs and product development.  
5.3 Heat release measurements provide useful information for product development by yielding a quantitative measure of specific changes in fire performance caused by component and composite modifications. Heat release data from this test method will not be predictive of product behavior if the product does not spread flame over its surface under the fire exposure conditions of interest.  
5.4 Test Limitations—The test data are invalid if either of the following conditions occur: (1) explosive spalling; or (2) the specimen swells sufficiently prior to ignition to touch the spark plug, or the specimen swells up to the plane of the heater base during combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to determine the ignitability and heat release from the composites of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.  
1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant initial test heat flux of 35 kW/m2. This test method is also suitable to obtain heat release data at different heat fluxes. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.  
1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E1354.  
1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2022
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 97.140 - Furniture
• Technical Committee: E05 - Fire Standards
• Drafting Committee: E05.21 - Smoke and Combustion Products

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1474 − 22 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture
and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench
1
Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thistestmethodprovidesameansformeasuringtheignitiontimeandheatreleaseofthecomposite
upholstered components of upholstered furniture and mattresses using an oxygen consumption
calorimeter.
1. Scope* 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determinetheignitabilityandheatreleasefromthecomposites
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consump-
For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
tion calorimeter.
1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat
conducting these tests.
release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant initial
2
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
test heat flux of 35kW⁄m .This test method is also suitable to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
obtain heat release data at different heat fluxes. The specimen
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effec-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tiveheatofcombustionaredeterminedusingtheapparatusand
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
procedures described in Test Method E1354.
1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens
2. Referenced Documents
combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Frame elements are not included.
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D5865Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Coke
only.
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the E603Guide for Room Fire Experiments
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and E906Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk Method
E1354Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
actual fire conditions. Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
sumption Calorimeter
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and
2
Combustion Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E1474-21. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1474-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1474 − 22
2.2 Other Documents: 3.1.7 initial test heat flux, n—the heat flux set on the test
CA TB 133,Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Fur- apparatus at the initiation of the test (see also heat flux).
3
niture for Use in Public Occupancies 3.1.7.1 Discussion—The initial test heat flux is the heat flux
ISO 5725Part 2, Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of value commonly used when describing or setting test c
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1474 − 21 E1474 − 22 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture
and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench
1
Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method provides a means for measuring the ignition time and heat release of the composite
upholstered components of upholstered furniture and mattresses using an oxygen consumption
calorimeter.
1. Scope*
1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to determine the ignitability and heat release from the composites of contract,
institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.
1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and
2
effective heat of combustion at a constant initial test heat flux of 35 kW ⁄m . This test method is also suitable to obtain heat release
data at different heat fluxes. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.
1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and
procedures described in Test Method E1354.
1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame
elements are not included.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Combustion
Products.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021April 1, 2022. Published January 2022April 2022. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20202021 as
E1474 - 20a.E1474 - 21. DOI: 10.1520/E1474-21.10.1520/E1474-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1474 − 22
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption
Calorimeter
2.2 Other Documents:
3
CA TB 133, Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies
ISO 5725 Part 2, Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results—Basic Method for the
4
Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method refer to Terminology D123 and E17
...