ASTM E1822-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring a variety of fire-test-response characteristics resulting from burning a stack of five stacking chairs. After ignition using a propane gas burner, the test specimen is permitted to burn freely under well-ventilated conditions. The most important fire-test-response characteristic measured in this test method is the rate of heat release, which quantifies the intensity of the fire generated.
5.2 The rate of heat release is measured by the principle of oxygen consumption. Annex A3 discusses the assumptions and limitations.
5.3 This test method also provides measures of other fire-test-response characteristics, including smoke obscuration (as the rate of smoke release, total smoke released or optical density of smoke), combustion gas release (as concentrations of combustion gases), and mass loss, that are important to making decisions on fire safety.
5.4 In the majority of fires, the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides present in all fires. They are indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion. Measurement of concentrations of carbon oxides are useful for two purposes: as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat-release measurements. Other toxic combustion gases, which are specific to certain materials, are also indicators of the toxicity of the atmospheres, but are less crucial for determining combustion completeness and are optional measures; however fire hazard assessment often requires their measurement.
5.5 The type of ignition chosen (flaming source) is common in both accidental and intentional fires in public occupancies. This test method is thus applicable to stacked chairs in public occupancies. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, health-care facilities, old-age convalescent and board and care homes, college dormitories and residence halls, and hotels and motels.
5.6 One of the fo...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of stacking chairs used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire-test responses when a stack of chairs is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This test method is limited to stacked chairs.
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of one hour has elapsed, or flashover under test conditions appears inevitable.
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of stacked chairs under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.11 for further information.
1.6 The rate of heat release of the burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.11.4 for further information.
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. See 5.11.5 for further information.
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.11 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.12 This standard does not purpo...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1822 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
conducting these tests.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the
1.11 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see
burningbehaviorofstackingchairsusedinpublicoccupancies
IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for
bymeasuringspecificfire-testresponseswhenastackofchairs
information only.
is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ventilated conditions.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.3 This test method is limited to stacked chairs.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
following application of a specific ignition source, from
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of one hour has
1.13 This international standard was developed in accor-
elapsed, or flashover under test conditions appears inevitable.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fire performance of stacked chairs under fire conditions other
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
than those conditions specified in this test method. In
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering
ignition by cigarettes. See 5.11 for further information.
2. Referenced Documents
1.6 The rate of heat release of the burning test specimen is
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.11.4 for
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
further information.
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-
Building Materials
obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
species in the combustion gases. See 5.11.5 for further infor-
E800GuideforMeasurementofGasesPresentorGenerated
mation.
During Fires
E1354Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photo-
Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
graphic or video recordings.
sumption Calorimeter
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the
E1474Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
Calorimeter
assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under
E1537Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-
actual fire conditions.
ture
E1590Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings
2
and Contents. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E1822–17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1822-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1822 − 21
IEEE/ASTM SI-10American National Standard for Use of 3.2.5 upholstery cover material, n—the outermost layer of
theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric fabric or related material used to enclose
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1822 − 17 E1822 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of stacking chairs used in public occupancies by
measuring specific fire-test responses when a stack of chairs is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated
conditions.
1.3 This test method is limited to stacked chairs.
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until
all burning has ceased, a period of 1 hone hour has elapsed, or flashover under test conditions appears inevitable.
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of stacked chairs under fire conditions other than those
conditions specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.11
for further information.
1.6 The rate of heat release of the burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.11.4 for further
information.
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the
combustion gases. See 5.11.5 for further information.
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings and
Contents.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017Nov. 15, 2021. Published December 2017December 2021. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20132017
as E1822 – 13.E1822 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E1822-17.10.1520/E1822-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1822 − 21
1.11 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption
Calorimeter
E1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites
Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
E1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture
E1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 4880 Burning Behaviour of Textiles and Textile Products—Vocabulary
ISO 9705 Fire Tests—Full Scale
...
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