ASTM E1590-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses
Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring a variety of fire-test-response characteristics resulting from burning a test specimen, mattress or mattress with foundation. After ignition using a propane gas burner, the test specimen is permitted to burn freely under well-ventilated conditions. The most important fire-test-response characteristic measured in this test method is the rate of heat release, which quantifies the intensity of the fire generated.
5.2 The rate of heat release is measured by the principle of oxygen consumption. Annex A3 discusses the assumptions and limitations.
5.3 This test method also provides measures of other fire-test-response characteristics, including smoke obscuration (as the rate of smoke release, total smoke released, or optical density of smoke), combustion gas release (as concentrations of combustion gases), and mass loss, which are important to making decisions on fire safety.
5.4 In the majority of fires, the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion. Measurement of concentrations of carbon oxides are useful for two purposes: (1) as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and (2) to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic combustion gases, which are specific to certain materials, are also indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere, but are less crucial for determining combustion completeness and are optional measures; however, fire hazard assessment often requires their measurement.
5.5 The type of ignition chosen (flaming source) is common in both accidental and intentional fires in public occupancies. The test method is thus applicable to mattresses in public occupancies. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, health-care facilities, old age convalescent and board and care homes, and college dormitories and residence halls.
5.6 One ...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of mattresses used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen, a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses with foundations.
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior, following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of mattresses under fire conditions other than those specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.12 for further information.
1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 for further information.
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further information.
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.
1.9 Units—Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.12 This stan...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1590 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Fire Testing of Mattresses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
actual fire conditions.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the
1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
burning behavior of mattresses used in public occupancies by
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
measuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen,
conducting these tests.
a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to a
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated condi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses with
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
foundations.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior,
1.13 This international standard was developed in accor-
following application of a specific ignition source, from
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fire performance of mattresses under fire conditions other than
those specified in this test method. In particular, this test
2. Referenced Documents
method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes.
2
See 5.12 for further information.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen is
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 for
Building Materials
further information.
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-
E603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
species in the combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further infor-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
mation.
E800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photo-
During Fires
graphic or video recordings.
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
1.9 Units—Use the SI system of units in referee decisions;
sumption Calorimeter
see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for
E1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate
information only.
of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or
1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the
Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
Calorimeter
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
E1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-
ture
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings
2
and Contents. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2023. Published February 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as E1590 – 22. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1590-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1590 − 23
E2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calo- 3.2 Definit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1590 − 22 E1590 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Fire Testing of Mattresses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of mattresses used in public occupancies by measuring
specific fire test responses when the test specimen, a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to a specified flaming
ignition source under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses with foundations.
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior, following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until
all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of mattresses under fire conditions other than those
specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.12 for further
information.
1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 for further
information.
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the
combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further information.
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.
1.9 Units—Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings and
Contents.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2022Feb. 1, 2023. Published February 2022February 2023. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20172022
as E1590 – 17.E1590 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/E1590-22.10.1520/E1590-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1590 − 23
1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption
Calorimeter
E1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites
Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
E1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture
E2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests
E2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and
...
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