ASTM D5797-96
(Specification)Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to 85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in the development of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions-Annex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, and Appendix X2 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 5797 – 96
Standard Specification for
Fuel Methanol M70-M85 for Automotive Spark-Ignition
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to
and Related Products
85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition
X-ray Spectrometry Method
engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the prop-
D 2988 Test Method for Water-Soluble Halide Ion in Halo-
erties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in the
genated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
development of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for infor-
lometry
mation only.
D 3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
test method portions–Annex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, and
Petroleum Products
Appendix X2 of this specification. This standard does not
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
Petroleum Products
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
D 4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
Analytical Standards
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
D 4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
use.
Response Factors
2. Referenced Documents
D 4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
Fuel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
1 4
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
D 4929 Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chlo-
D 381 Test Method for Existent Gum in Fuels by Jet
ride Content in Crude Oil
Evaporation
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
D 5059 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by X-ray Spec-
(Induction Period Method)
troscopy
D 872 Test Method for Sulfonation Index of Road Tars
D 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
ucts (Automatic Method)
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
(Lamp Method)
ucts (Mini Method)
D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Light Hydrocarbons, Motor Fuels and Oils by Ultraviolet
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of
Fluorescence
Subcommittee D02.A on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally E 203 Test Method for Water Using Karl Fischer Reagent
published as D 5797 – 95. Last previous edition D 5797 – 95.
Reference to the following documents is to be the latest issue unless otherwise
specified. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
5 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5797
TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)
E 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
A
tionships Properties Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
E 1145 Specification for Denatured Ethyl Alcohol, Formula
Methanol + higher alcohols, min, 84 80 70
volume%
3A
Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, 14–16 14–20 14–30
volume%
3. Terminology
Vapor pressure, kPa 48–62 62–83 83–103
(psi) 7.0–9.0 9.0–12.0 12.0–15.0
3.1 Definitions:
Lead, max, mg/L 2.6 2.6 3.9
3.1.1 methanol, n—methyl alcohol, the chemical compound
Phosphorus, max, mg/L 0.2 0.3 0.4
CH OH.
Sulfur, max, mg/kg 160 200 300
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
All Classes
3.2.1 aliphatic ether—an oxygen-containing, ashless, or-
Higher alcohols (C –C ), max, 2
2 8
ganic compound in which the oxygen atom is interposed
volume %
Acidity, as acetic acid, max, 50
betweeen two carbon atoms (organic groups), has the general
mg/kg
formula C H O with n being 5 to 8, and in which the carbon
n 2n+2
Solvent washed gum content, 5
atoms are connected in open chains and not closed rings.
max, mg/100 mL
Unwashed gum content, max, 20
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Aliphatic compounds can be straight or
mg/100 mL
branched chains and saturated or unsaturated. The term ali-
Total chlorine as chlorides, max, 2
phatic ether, as used in this specification, refers only to the
mg/kg
Inorganic chloride, max, mg/kg 1
saturated compounds.
Water, max, mass% 0.5
3.2.2 fuel methanol (M70-M85)—a blend of methanol and
Appearance This product shall be visibly free of
hydrocarbons of which the methanol portion is nominally 70 to
suspended or precipitated contaminants (clear
and bright). This shall be determined at
85 volume% .
indoor ambient temperatures unless otherwise
3.2.3 higher alcohols—aliphatic alcohols of the general
agreed upon between the supplier and the
formula C H OH with n being 2 to 8.
purchaser.
n 2 n+1
A
3.2.4 hydrocarbon—those components in a methanol-
See 4.1.1 for volatility class criteria.
hydrocarbon blend that contain only hydrogen and carbon.
developments for the use of higher methanol content fuels occurs, it is
4. Fuel Methanol M70-M85 Performance Requirements
expected that many of these requirements will change.
4.1 Fuel methanol (M70-M85) shall conform to the require-
4.1.1 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climatic
ments in Table 1.
changes by providing three vapor pressure classes for M70-
M85. The seasonal and geographic distribution for the three
NOTE 1—Most of the requirements cited in Table 1 are based on the
best technical information currently available regarding the performance vapor pressure classes is shown in Table 2. Class 1 encom-
of these fuels in current technology vehicles. Requirements for sulfur,
passes geographical areas with 6-h tenth-percentile minimum
phosphorus, and lead are based on the use of gasoline defined in
ambient temperature of greater than 5°C (41°F). Class 2
Specification D 4814 understanding that control of these elements will
encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth-percentile
affect catalyst lifetime. The lead maximum is limited for Class 1 and Class
minimum temperatures of greater than −5°C (23°F) but less
2 fuels to the lower limit of the test method. As greater experience is
than +5°C. Class 3 encompasses geographical areas with 6-h
gained from field use of M70-M85 vehicles, and further vehicle hardware
tenth-percentile minimum ambient temperature less than or
equal to −5°C.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
TABLE 2 Seasonal and Geographical Volatility Specifications for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)
NOTE 1—This schedule subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller denotes the vapor pressure class of the fuel at the time and place
of bulk delivery to fuel dispensing facilities for the end user. Shipments should anticipate this schedule.
State January February March April May June July August September October November December
Alabama 2222 2/1 1111 1/2 22
Alaska
Southern Region 3333 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2/3 333
South Mainland 3333 3/2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 333
Arizona
N of 34° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
S of 34° Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 22
Arkansas 3 3 3/2 2/1 1111 1/2 2 2/3 3
A
California
North Coast 22222 2/1 111 1/2 22
South Coast 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1111 1/2 2/3 3
Southeast 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Interior 22222 2/1 111 1/2 22
Colorado
E of 105° Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
W of 105° Longitude 3333 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 333
D 5797
TABLE 2 Continued
State January February March April May June July August September October November December
Connecticut 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Delaware 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
District of Columbia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Florida
N of 29° Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 22
S of 29° Latitude 2 2/1 11111111 1/2 2
Georgia 3 3/2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 2 2/3
Hawaii 111111111111
Idaho 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Illinois
N of 40° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
S of 40° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Indiana 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Iowa 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Kansas 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Kentucky 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Louisiana 2 2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 22
Maine 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Maryland 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Massachusetts 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Michigan
Lower Michigan 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Upper Michigan 3333 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 33
Minnesota 3333 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 33
Mississippi 2 2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 22
Missouri 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Montana 3333 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 333
Nebraska 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Nevada
N of 38° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
S of 38° Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
New Hampshire 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
New Jersey 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
New Mexico
N of 34° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
S of 34° Latitude 3 3 3/2 2/1 11111 1/2 2/3 3
New York
N of 42° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
S of 42° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
North Carolina 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
North Dakota 3333 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 33
Ohio 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Oklahoma 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Oregon
E of 122° Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
W of 122° Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3
Pennsylvania
N of 41° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
S of 41° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Rhode Island 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
South Carolina 2 2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 22
South Dakota 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Tennessee 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Texas
N of 31° Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
S of 31° Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 22
Utah 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Vermont 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Virginia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Washington
E of 122° Longitude 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
W of 122° Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3
West Virginia 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Wisconsin 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Wyoming 3333 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 33
A
Details of State Climatological Division by county as indicated:
California, North Coast—Alameda, Contra Costa, Del Norte, Humbolt, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Monterey, Napa, San Benito, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara,
Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma, Trinity
California, Interior—Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Sierra, Siskiyou, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Kern (except that portion lying east
of Los Angeles County Aqueduct), Kings, Madera, Mariposa, Marced, Placer, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Shasta, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Tulare, Tuolumne, Yolo, Yuba,
Nevada
California, South Coast—Orange, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles (except that portion north of the San Gabriel Mountain range and
east of the Los Angeles County Aqueduct)
California, Southeast—Imperial, Riverside, San Bernadino, Los Angeles (that portion north of the San Gabriel Mountain range and east of the Los Angeles County
Aqueduct), Mono, Inyo, Kern (that portion lying east of the Los Angeles County Aqueduct)
D 5797
4.1.2 The hydrocarbons used shall have a final maximum indicated that the precision of this method may not be
boiling point of 225°C (437°F) by Test Method D 86, oxidation adequate. As work continues to develop a method, this proce-
stability of 240-min minimum by Test Method D 525, and No. dure remains the best available.
1 maximum copper strip corrosion by Test Method D 130. The
6.1.2 Hydrocarbon/Aliphatic Ether—Use Test Method
hydrocarbons may contain aliphatic ethers as blending compo-
D 4815 to determine higher alcohols, methyl tert-butyl ether
nents as are customarily used for automotive fuel.
(MTBE), and other ethers. Water may also be determined if the
4.1.3 Use of unprotected aluminum in fuel methanol (M70-
gas chromatograph is equipped with a thermal conductivity
M85) distribution and dispensing equipment will introduce
detector. As an alternative, water can be determined by the Karl
insoluble aluminum compounds into the fuel causing plugged
Fischer test method (see 6.1.9). The concentration of methanol,
vehicle fuel filters. Furthermore, this effect can be exaggerated
other alcohols, and water can be added, and the sum subtracted
even with protected aluminum by elevated fuel conductivity
from 100 to get the percent of hydrocarbons/aliphatic ethers.
caused by contact with a nitrile rubber dispensing hose.
An alternative test method is contained in Annex A2.
Therefore, unprotected aluminum and an unlined nitrile rubber
6.1.3 Vapor Pressure— Test Methods D 4953, D 5190, or
dispensing hose should be avoided in fuel methanol (M70-
D 5191.
M85) distribution and dispensing systems.
6.1.4 Acidity—Test Method D 1613.
6.1.5 Gum Content, Solvent Washed and Unwashed—Test
5. Sampling
Method D 381.
5.1 Sample in accordance with Practice D 4057, except that
6.1.6 Total Chlorine as Chloride—Test Methods D 4929,
water displacement (10.3.1.8 of Practice D 4057) shall not be
Method B.
used.
6.1.7 Lead—Test Method D 5059. With Test Method
5.2 Where practical, M70-M85 should be sampled in glass
D 5059, prepare the calibration standards using methanol
containers. If samples must be collected in
...
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