ASTM G77-17

Standard Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Materials to Sliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of this test method in any overall measurement program directed toward a service application will depend on the relative match of test conditions to the conditions of the service application.  
5.2 This test method seeks only to prescribe the general test procedure and method of calculating and reporting data. The choice of test operating parameters is left to the user. A fixed amount of sliding distance must be used because wear is usually non-linear with distance in this test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the resistance of materials to sliding wear. The test utilizes a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine to rank pairs of materials according to their sliding wear characteristics under various conditions.  
1.2 An important attribute of this test is that it is very flexible. Any material that can be fabricated into, or applied to, blocks and rings can be tested. Thus, the potential materials combinations are endless. However, the interlaboratory testing has been limited to metals. In addition, the test can be run with various lubricants, liquids, or gaseous atmospheres, as desired, to simulate service conditions. Rotational speed and load can also be varied to better correspond to service requirements.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Wear test results are reported as the volume loss in cubic millimetres for both the block and ring. Materials of higher wear resistance will have lower volume loss.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2017
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: G02 - Wear and Erosion
• Drafting Committee: G02.40 - Non-Abrasive Wear

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G77 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Ranking Resistance of Materials to Sliding Wear Using
1
Block-on-Ring Wear Test
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG77;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for de-
D2714Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the
termining the resistance of materials to sliding wear. The test
Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing Machine
utilizes a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine to
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
rank pairs of materials according to their sliding wear charac-
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
teristics under various conditions.
Lot or Process
1.2 An important attribute of this test is that it is very E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
flexible.Anymaterialthatcanbefabricatedinto,orappliedto, ASTM Test Methods
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
blocks and rings can be tested. Thus, the potential materials
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
combinations are endless. However, the interlaboratory testing
G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
hasbeenlimitedtometals.Inaddition,thetestcanberunwith
various lubricants, liquids, or gaseous atmospheres, as desired,
3. Terminology
to simulate service conditions. Rotational speed and load can
3.1 Definitions:
also be varied to better correspond to service requirements.
3.1.1 sliding wear, n—wearduetotherelativemotioninthe
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tangential plane of contact between two solid bodies.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.2 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving
only. Wear test results are reported as the volume loss in cubic
progressive loss of material, due to relative motion between
millimetres for both the block and ring. Materials of higher
that surface and a contacting substance or substances.
wear resistance will have lower volume loss.
3.1.3 Foradditionaldefinitionspertinenttothistestmethod,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
see Terminology G40.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Atest block is loaded against a test ring that rotates at a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
given speed for a given number of revolutions. Block scar
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
volume is calculated from the block scar width, and ring scar
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
volume is calculated from ring weight loss. The friction force
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
required to keep the block in place is continuously measured
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
during the test with a load cell. These data, combined with
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
normal force data, are converted to coefficient of friction
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
values and reported.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The significance of this test method in any overall
measurement program directed toward a service application
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear
2
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of G02.40 on Non-Abrasive Wear. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1983.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asG77–05(2010).DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/G0077-17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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G77−17
(4 to 8 µin.) CLA in the direction of motion is recommended.
However, other surface conditions may be evaluated as de-
sired.
6.4 Analytical Balance, capable of measuring to the nearest
0.1 mg.
6.5 Optical Device (or equivalent), with metric or inch-
pound unit calibration, is also necessary so that scar width can
be measured with a precision of 0.005 mm (0.0002 in.) or
equivalent.
7. Reagents
7.1 Methanol.
8. Preparation and Calibration of Apparatus
8.1 Run the calibr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G77 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) G77 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Ranking Resistance of Materials to Sliding Wear Using
1
Block-on-Ring Wear Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G77; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the resistance of materials to sliding wear. The test utilizes
a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine to rank pairs of materials according to their sliding wear characteristics under
various conditions.
1.2 An important attribute of this test is that it is very flexible. Any material that can be fabricated into, or applied to, blocks
and rings can be tested. Thus, the potential materials combinations are endless. However, the interlaboratory testing has been
limited to metals. In addition, the test can be run with various lubricants, liquids, or gaseous atmospheres, as desired, to simulate
service conditions. Rotational speed and load can also be varied to better correspond to service requirements.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Wear test results are reported as the volume loss in cubic millimetres for both the block and ring. Materials of higher wear
resistance will have lower volume loss.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2714 Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing Machine
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 sliding wear, n—wear due to the relative motion in the tangential plane of contact between two solid bodies.
3.1.2 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving progressive loss of material, due to relative motion between that
surface and a contacting substance or substances.
3.1.3 For additional definitions pertinent to this test method, see Terminology G40.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A test block is loaded against a test ring that rotates at a given speed for a given number of revolutions. Block scar volume
is calculated from the block scar width, and ring scar volume is calculated from ring weight loss. The friction force required to
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of G02.40 on Non-Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010June 1, 2017. Published May 2010June 2017. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
ε1
G77G77 – 05 (2010).–05 . DOI: 10.1520/G0077-05R10.10.1520/G0077-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G77 − 17
FIG. 1 Test Schematic
keep the block in place is continuously measured during the test with a load cell. These data, combined with normal force data,
are converted to coefficient of friction values and reported.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The significance of this test method in any overall measurement program directed toward a service applicat
...