ASTM E1543-14(2018)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems
Standard Practice for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice gives an objective measure of the temperature sensitivity of a thermal imaging system (relative to a standard reference filter) exclusive of a monitor, with emphasis on the detector(s) and preamplifier.
Note 1: Test values obtained under idealized laboratory conditions may or may not correlate directly with service performance.
5.2 This practice affords a convenient means for periodically monitoring the performance of a given thermal imaging system.
5.3 NETD relates to minimum resolvable temperature difference as described in Practice E1213. Thus, an increase in NETD may be manifest as a loss of detail in imagery.
5.4 Intercomparisons based solely on NETD figures may be misleading.
Note 2: NETD depends on various factors such as spectral bandwidth and background temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD; NEΔT) of thermal imaging systems of the conventional forward-looking infrared (FLIR) or other types that utilize an optical-mechanical scanner; it does not include charge-coupled devices or pyroelectric vidicons.
1.2 Parts of this practice have been formulated under the assumption of a photonic detector(s) at a standard background temperature of 295 °K (22 °C). Besides nonuniformity, examinations made at other background temperatures may result in impairment of precision and bias.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:E1543 −14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal
1
Imaging Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the noise 3.1 Definitions:
equivalent temperature difference (NETD; NE∆T) of thermal 3.1.1 blackbody simulator—a device that produces an emis-
imaging systems of the conventional forward-looking infrared sion spectrum closely approximating that emitted by a black-
(FLIR) or other types that utilize an optical-mechanical scan- body (surface with emissivity of 1.0), usually a cavity or a flat
ner; it does not include charge-coupled devices or pyroelectric plate with a structured or coated surface having a stable and
vidicons. uniform temperature.
3.1.2 dwell time—the time spent, during one frame, in
1.2 Parts of this practice have been formulated under the
scanning one angular dimension of a single pixel (picture
assumption of a photonic detector(s) at a standard background
element) of the image within the instantaneous field of view
temperature of 295 °K (22 °C). Besides nonuniformity, exami-
(IFOV) of a detector. Thus, for example, if a single pixel is
nations made at other background temperatures may result in
scanned n times during one frame, the dwell time is given by
impairment of precision and bias.
n times the duration of a single scan of the pixel.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.3 FLIR—an acronym for forward-looking infrared,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
originally implying airborne, now denoting any fast-frame
standard.
thermal imaging system comparable to that of television and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
yielding real-time displays. Generally, these systems employ
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
optical-mechanical scanning mechanisms.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 See also Section J: Infrared Examination, of Termi-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
nology E1316.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Practice
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 The target is a blackbody source of uniform temperature
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
that is viewed by the infrared thermal imaging system through
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
an aperture of prescribed size. A specified temperature differ-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ence is established between the target and its background.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Measurements are made of the peak-to-peak signal voltage
from the target and the RMS noise voltage from the
2. Referenced Documents
background, both across a standard reference filter, and of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
target and background temperatures. From these measured
E1213 Practice for Minimum Resolvable Temperature Dif-
values, the NETD is calculated.
ference for Thermal Imaging Systems
5. Significance and Use
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
5.1 Thispracticegivesanobjectivemeasureofthetempera-
ture sensitivity of a thermal imaging system (relative to a
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on standard reference filter) exclusive of a monitor, with emphasis
Specialized NDT Methods.
on the detector(s) and preamplifier.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally
NOTE 1—Test values obtained under idealized laboratory conditions
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1543 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/E1543-14R18. may or may not correlate directly with service performance.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 This practice affords a convenient means for periodi-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cally monitoring the performance of a given thermal imaging
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. system.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1543−14 (2018)
5.3 NETD re
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1543 − 14 E1543 − 14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal
1
Imaging Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD; NEΔT) of thermal imaging
systems of the conventional forward-looking infrared (FLIR) or other types that utilize an optical-mechanical scanner; it does not
include charge-coupled devices or pyroelectric vidicons.
1.2 Parts of this practice have been formulated under the assumption of a photonic detector(s) at a standard background
temperature of 295°K (22°C).295 °K (22 °C). Besides nonuniformity, examinations made at other background temperatures may
result in impairment of precision and bias.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1213 Practice for Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference for Thermal Imaging Systems
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 blackbody simulator—a device that produces an emission spectrum closely approximating that emitted by a blackbody
(surface with emissivity of 1.0), usually a cavity or a flat plate with a structured or coated surface having a stable and uniform
temperature.
3.1.2 dwell time—the time spent, during one frame, in scanning one angular dimension of a single pixel (picture element) of
the image within the instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of a detector. Thus, for example, if a single pixel is scanned n times during
one frame, the dwell time is given by n times the duration of a single scan of the pixel.
3.1.3 FLIR—an acronym for forward-looking infrared, originally implying airborne, now denoting any fast-frame thermal
imaging system comparable to that of television and yielding real-time displays. Generally, these systems employ optical-
mechanical scanning mechanisms.
3.1.4 See also Section J: Infrared Examination, of Terminology E1316.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The target is a blackbody source of uniform temperature that is viewed by the infrared thermal imaging system through an
aperture of prescribed size. A specified temperature difference is established between the target and its background. Measurements
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized NDT
Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2018. Published October 2014December 2018. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20112014
as E1543 - 00E1543 – 14.(2011). DOI: 10.1520/E1543–14.10.1520/E1543-14R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1543 − 14 (2018)
are made of the peak-to-peak signal voltage from the target and the RMS noise voltage from the background, both across a standard
reference filter, and of the target and background temperatures. From these measured values, the NETD is calculated.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice gives an objective measure of
...
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