ASTM D4418-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides the user of gas turbine fuel oils and the designer of gas turbine fuel systems with an appreciation of the effects of fuel contaminants and general methods of controlling such contaminants in gas turbine fuel systems.
5.2 This practice is general in nature and should not be considered a substitute for any requirement imposed by warranty of the gas turbine manufacturer, or by federal, state, or local government regulations.
5.3 Although it cannot replace a knowledge of local conditions or the use of good engineering and scientific judgment, this practice does provide guidance in development of individual fuel management systems for the gas turbine user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft. It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system, or the gas turbine, or both.
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selection of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880, or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D4418 − 17
Standard Practice for
1
Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel
Oil (Accelerated Method)
1.1 Thispracticecoversthereceipt,storage,andhandlingof
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation
fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft.
Fuel by Line Sampling
It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
inafuelthatcouldcausedeteriorationofeitherthefuelsystem,
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
or the gas turbine, or both.
Petroleum Products
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selec-
D6469 GuideforMicrobialContaminationinFuelsandFuel
tion of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880,
Systems
or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For
example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage 3. Terminology
tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for
3.1 Definitions:
dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
3.1.1 fuel entering the combustor(s)—this term is used to
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the designate the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information Fuel may actually be sampled at a point upstream from the
point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is
only.
representative of the fuel actually entering the combustor(s).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 fuel contaminant, n—material not intended to be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- present in a fuel, whether introduced during manufacture,
handling, distribution, or storage, that makes the fuel less
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. suitable for the intended use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Contaminants, which can be soluble in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the fuel or insoluble (suspended liquid droplets or solid or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
semi-solid particles), can be the result of improper processing
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
or contamination by a wide range of materials including water,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
rust,airblowndust,deteriorationofinternalprotectivecoatings
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
on pipes or vessels, and products of fuel degradation and
microbial growth.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2.2 Discussion—Solid or semisolid contaminants can be
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
referred to as silt or sediment.
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
3.1.3 dissolved and free water, n—water may be present in
(ASTM Color Scale)
the fuel as dissolved water or as “free” (undissolved) water, or
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
both. The free water may be fresh or saline. Fresh water may
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
enter the fuel from steam coils in storage tanks, from conden-
sation out of moisture-laden air, or from leaking cooling coils.
Saline water can enter the fuel during transportation in barges
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
or tankers.
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels.
3.1.4 particulate solids, n—may enter a fuel from the air
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally
(suspended dirt and aerosols) or from the distribution and
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4418 – 00 (2016).
storage systems (rust, corrosion products, gasket debris, and so
DOI: 10.1520/D4418-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
forth).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.5 metallic compounds, n—metals may be present as
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. metallic compounds in the fuel as a natural result of the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4418 − 00 (Reapproved 2016) D4418 − 17
Standard Practice for
1
Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft. It
is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system, or
the gas turbine, or both.
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selection of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880, or
for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage tanks, loading
and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 fuel entering the combustor(s)—this term is used to designate the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine. Fuel may
actually be sampled at a point upstream from the point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is representative of the
fuel actually entering the combustor(s).
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 fuel entering the combustor(s)—this term is used to designate the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine. Fuel may
actually be sampled at a point upstream from the point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is representative of the
fuel actually entering the combustor(s).
3.1.2 fuel contaminant, n—material not intended to be present in a fuel, whether introduced during manufacture, handling,
distribution, or storage, that makes the fuel less suitable for the intended use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published May 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D4418 – 00 (2016).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D4418-00R16.10.1520/D4418-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4418 − 17
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Contaminants, which can be soluble in the fuel or insoluble (suspended liquid droplets or solid or semi-solid particles), can be the
result of improper processing or contamination by a wide range of materials including water, rust, airblown dust, deteriora
...
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