ASTM C147-86(2020)

Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the determination of the breaking strength of glass containers when subjected to internal pressure. These test methods are intended to determine the pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain products reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure after processing. Two test methods are covered as follows: Test Method A - application of uniform internal pressure for a predetermined period and Test Method B - Application of internal pressure increasing at a predetermined constant rate.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the breaking strength of glass containers when subjected to internal pressure. These test methods are intended to determine the pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain products reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure of 138 kPa (20 psi) or greater, after processing. Two test methods are covered as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Application of Uniform Internal Pressure
for a Predetermined Period  
5 – 7  
Test Method B—Application of Internal Pressure Increasing
at a Predetermined Constant Rate  
8 – 10  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2020
• ICS: 55.100 - Bottles. Pots. Jars
• Technical Committee: C14 - Glass and Glass Products
• Drafting Committee: C14.07 - Glass Containers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C147-86(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2020
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2020
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(2014) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(2009) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(2004)e1 - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(1999) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C147 − 86 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Methods for
Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
Single-head Hydraulic Testing Machine (8 Blueprints)
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
breakingstrengthofglasscontainerswhensubjectedtointernal
3. Sampling
pressure. These test methods are intended to determine the
3.1 Methods of sampling a minimum lot from a group of
pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain prod-
containers of a given type are given in Practice C224, for the
ucts reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure of
various situations to which it may apply.
138 kPa (20 psi) or greater, after processing. Two test methods
are covered as follows:
4. Precision and Bias
Sections
Test Method A—Application of Uniform Internal Pressure 5–7
4.1 Statements regarding either precision or bias of the
for a Predetermined Period
internal pressure test results are not possible because suitable
Test Method B—Application of Internal Pressure Increasing 8–10
internal pressure reference test materials are not available.
at a Predetermined Constant Rate
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 4.2 Test Method A—Thepressuretestprecisioniswithinone
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
half the incremental step size used at failure. Pressure test bias
only. is generally within 61 % of full scale.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 Test Method B—The pressure test precision is within
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
61 psi (7 kPa). Pressure test bias is generally within 6%of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
full scale.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
TEST METHOD A—APPLICATION OF UNIFORM
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
INTERNAL PRESSURE FOR PREDETERMINED
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
PERIOD
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Apparatus
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 The apparatus shall embody the following principles:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 5.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a manner
that the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from the bead
2. Referenced Documents of the finish.
2 5.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member that shall act
2.1 ASTM Standard:
with the sealing surface of the container to retain the pressur-
C224 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
izing medium during the period of the test.
5.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressure to a
predeterminedlevelataminimumrateof69MPa(10000psi)/
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on
minandofmaintainingthatpressureconstantduringtheperiod
Glass and Glass Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.07
on Glass Containers.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C147 – 86 (2015). Single-head automatic sustained pressure testing machine developed byAmeri-
DOI: 10.1520/C0147-86R20. can Glass Research, Inc., Butler, PA, meets these requirements for durations greater
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or than 15 s. Detailed working drawings of this machine are available from ASTM
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Headquarters. An increment pressure tester developed by the same laboratory is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on suitable for shorter durations. Available from ASTM International Headquarters.
the ASTM website. Order Adjunct No. ADJC0147.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
C147 − 86 (2020)
of test. Applied incremental fluid pressure levels shall be (2) Average breaking pressure (corrected for the size of the
provided extending over the range from 0.18 MPa (25 psi) to pressure increment by subtracting one half of the increment;
at least 2.41 MPa (350 psi). The applied fluid pressure level for example, 86 kPa (12.5 psi) for 172 kPa (25-psi) steps or
shall be reproducible to within 61 % of full scale. increments).
5.1.4 An automatically controlled timing mechanism shall
TEST METHOD B—APPLICATION OF INTERNAL
be built into the apparatus so that the container will be subject
PRESSURE INCREASING AT PREDETERMINED
to uniform internal pressure for a predetermined period which
CONSTANT RATE
shall be not less than 3 s nor more than 1 min (Note 1). The
period of test shall be reproducible within 62%.
8. Apparatus
NOTE 1—For test durations between 3 s and 1 min, the actual pressure
8.1 The apparatus shall embody the following principles:
(P ) can be converted to the 1-min pressure (P ) calculated as follows:
I 60
8.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a manner
7.9711.53logt
that the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from the bead
P 5 P (1)
S D
60 I
10.69
of the finish.
8.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member which shall
where:
act with the sealing surface of the container to retain the
t = thedurationofthetestins.Forinstance,theactualpressureina3-s
test would be multiplied by 0.81 in order to be equivalent to the
pressurizing medium during the period of the test.
pressure at a test period of 1 min.
8.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressure
increasing at a predetermined constant rate u
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