ASTM A604/A604M-07(2017)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and Billets
Standard Practice for Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and Billets
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Macroetch testing, as described herein, is a method for examining and rating transverse sections of bars and billets to describe certain conditions of macro segregation which are often characteristic of consumable electrode remelted materials.
4.2 This practice is not intended to define major defects such as those described by Method E381.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers testing and inspection and is applicable to bars, billets, and blooms of carbon, alloy, and stainless steel which have been consumable electrode remelted.
1.2 For the purpose of this practice, the consumable electrode remelting process is defined as a steel refining method wherein single or multiple electrodes are remelted into a crucible producing an ingot which is superior to the original electrode by virtue of improved cleanliness or lower gas content or reduced chemical or nonmetallic segregation. See Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 for descriptions of applicable remelting processes.
1.3 This practice and the accompanying comparison macrographs3 are generally applicable to steel bar and billet sizes up to 225 in.2 [1450 cm2] in transverse cross section.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A604/A604M − 07 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel
1
Bars and Billets
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA604/A604M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
4
2
2.1 ASTM Standard:
1.1 This practice covers testing and inspection and is
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
applicable to bars, billets, and blooms of carbon, alloy, and
Blooms, and Forgings
stainlesssteelwhichhavebeenconsumableelectroderemelted.
3
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
1.2 For the purpose of this practice, the consumable elec-
Adjunct to A604/A604M Practice for Macroetch Testing of
trode remelting process is defined as a steel refining method
Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and Billets
wherein single or multiple electrodes are remelted into a
crucible producing an ingot which is superior to the original 3. Description of Macroetch Testing
electrode by virtue of improved cleanliness or lower gas
3.1 This practice employs the action of an acid or other
content or reduced chemical or nonmetallic segregation. See
corrosive agent to develop the characteristics of a suitably
Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 for descriptions of applicable
prepared specimen. After etching, the sections are compared
remelting processes.
visually, or at a very low magnification, if necessary for
clarification of conditions, to standard plates describing the
1.3 This practice and the accompanying comparison mac-
various conditions which may be found. Materials react differ-
3
rographs are generally applicable to steel bar and billet sizes
ently to etching reagents because of variations in chemical
2 2
up to 225 in. [1450 cm ] in transverse cross section.
composition,methodofmanufacture,heattreatment,andmany
other variables.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4. Significance and Use
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 4.1 Macroetch testing, as described herein, is a method for
examining and rating transverse sections of bars and billets to
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
describe certain conditions of macro segregation which are
with the standard.
often characteristic of consumable electrode remelted materi-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
als.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 This practice is not intended to define major defects
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
such as those described by Method E381.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Application
5.1 When material is furnished subject to macroetch testing
and inspection under this practice, the manufacturer and
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
purchaser should be in agreement concerning the following:
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1.1 The stage of manufacture at which the test shall be
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved March 15, 2017. Published March 2017. Originally
conducted,
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A604/
5.1.2 The number and location of the sections to be tested,
A604M – 07(2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0604_A0604M-07R17.
2
ASTM CommitteeA01 gratefully acknowledges the help of theAISI Commit-
tee on General Metallurgy in preparing the appendix, assembling the macroetch
4
photographs, and assisting with the text of this practice. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
A complete set of the 20 macrographs on glossy paper available from ASTM contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJA0604. Original adjunct pro- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
duced in 1985. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A604/A604M − 07 (2017)
NOTE 1—The reagents in 7.2.1, 7.2.2, and 7.2.3 should be used under
5.1.3 The condition and preparation of the surface to be
ventilating hoods or with some
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A604/A604M − 07 (Reapproved 2012) A604/A604M − 07 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel
1
Bars and Billets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A604/A604M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This practice covers testing and inspection and is applicable to bars, billets, and blooms of carbon, alloy, and stainless steel
which have been consumable electrode remelted.
1.2 For the purpose of this practice, the consumable electrode remelting process is defined as a steel refining method wherein
single or multiple electrodes are remelted into a crucible producing an ingot which is superior to the original electrode by virtue
of improved cleanliness or lower gas content or reduced chemical or nonmetallic segregation. See Appendix X1 and Appendix X2
for descriptions of applicable remelting processes.
3
1.3 This practice and the accompanying comparison macrographs are generally applicable to steel bar and billet sizes up to 225
2 2
in. [1450 cm ] in transverse cross section.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:Standard:
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
3
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Adjunct:
Adjunct to A604/A604M Practice for Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and Billets
3. Description of Macroetch Testing
3.1 This practice employs the action of an acid or other corrosive agent to develop the characteristics of a suitably prepared
specimen. After etching, the sections are compared visually, or at a very low magnification, if necessary for clarification of
conditions, to standard plates describing the various conditions which may be found. Materials react differently to etching reagents
because of variations in chemical composition, method of manufacture, heat treatment, and many other variables.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Macroetch testing, as described herein, is a method for examining and rating transverse sections of bars and billets to
describe certain conditions of macro segregation which are often characteristic of consumable electrode remelted materials.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012March 15, 2017. Published May 2012March 2017. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
A604/A604M – 07.A604/A604M – 07(2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0604_A0604M-07R12.10.1520/A0604_A0604M-07R17.
2
ASTM Committee A01 gratefully acknowledges the help of the AISI Committee on General Metallurgy in preparing the appendix, assembling the macroetch
photographs, and assisting with the text of this practice.
3
A complete set of the 20 macrographs on glossy paper available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJA0604. Original adjunct produced in
1985.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A604/A604M − 07 (2017)
4.2 This practice is not intended to define major defects such as those described by Method E381.
5. Application
5.1 When material is furnished subject to macroetch t
...
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