ASTM E2232-02

Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Mathematical Methods for Calculating Absorbed Dose in Radiation Processing Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes different mathematical methods that may be used to calculate absorbed dose and criteria for their selection. Absorbed dose calculations determine the effectiveness of the radiation process, estimate the absorbed-dose distribution in product, or supplement and/or complement dosimetry measurements.
1.2 Radiation processing is an evolving field and annotated examples are provided in to illustrate the applications where mathematical methods have been successfully applied. While not limited by the applications cited in these examples, applications specific to neutron transport, radiation therapy and shielding design are not addressed in this document.
1.3 This guide covers the calculation of radiation transport of electrons and photons in the energy range of 0.1 to 25 MeV.
1.4 The mathematical methods described include Monte Carlo, point kernel, discrete ordinate, semi-empirical and empirical methods.
1.5 General purpose software packages are available for the calculation of the transport of charged and/or neutral particles and photons from various types of sources of ionizing radiation. This standard is limited to the use of these software packages or other mathematical methods for the determination of spatial dose distributions for photons emitted following the decay of  137Cs or  60Co, energetic electrons from particle accelerators, or bremsstrahlung generated by electron accelerators.
1.6 This guide assists the user in determining if mathematical methods are a useful tool. This guide may assist the user in selecting an appropriate method for calculating absorbed dose.
Note 1—The user is urged to apply these predictive techniques while being aware of the need for experience and also the inherent limitations of both the method and the available software. Information pertaining to availability and updates to codes for modeling radiation transport, courses, workshops and meetings can be found in . For a basic understanding of radiation physics and a brief overview of method selection, refer to .
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2002
• ICS: 07.020 - Mathematics
• ICS: 17.240 - Radiation measurements
• Technical Committee: E61 - Radiation Processing
• Drafting Committee: E61.04 - Specialty Application

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E2232-10 - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Mathematical Methods for Calculating Absorbed Dose in Radiation Processing Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM ISO/ASTM51818-20 - Standard Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facility for Radiation Processing at Energies Between 80 and 300 keV
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E3270-21 - Standard Guide for Operational Qualification of Gamma Irradiators
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM ISO/ASTM51649-15 - Standard Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facility for Radiation Processing at Energies Between 300 keV and 25 MeV
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM ISO/ASTM51702-13(2021) - Standard Practice for Dosimetry in a Gamma Facility for Radiation Processing
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM ISO/ASTM52628-20 - Standard Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM ISO/ASTM51608-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Dosimetry in an X-Ray (Bremsstrahlung) Facility for Radiation Processing at Energies between 50 keV and 7.5 MeV
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM ISO/ASTM52303-15 - Standard Guide for Absorbed-Dose Mapping in Radiation Processing Facilities
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E2232–02
Standard Guide for
Selection and Use of Mathematical Methods for Calculating
1
Absorbed Dose in Radiation Processing Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This guide describes different mathematical methods
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that may be used to calculate absorbed dose and criteria for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
their selection. Absorbed dose calculations determine the
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
effectiveness of the radiation process, estimate the absorbed-
dose distribution in product, or supplement and/or complement
2. Referenced Documents
dosimetry measurements.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Radiation processing is an evolving field and annotated
E170 TerminologyRelatingtoRadiationMeasurementsand
examples are provided in Annex A4 to illustrate the applica-
2
Dosimetry
tions where mathematical methods have been successfully
E482 Guide for Application of Neutron Transport Methods
applied. While not limited by the applications cited in these
2
for Reactor Vessel Surveillance, E706 (IID)
examples, applications specific to neutron transport, radiation
E666 PracticeforCalculatingAbsorbedDoseFromGamma
therapy and shielding design are not addressed in this docu-
or X Radiation
ment.
2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:
1.3 This guide covers the calculation of radiation transport
51204 Practice for Dosimetry in Gamma Irradiation Facili-
of electrons and photons in the energy range of 0.1 to 25 MeV.
2
ties for Food Processing
1.4 The mathematical methods described include Monte
51275 Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Film Dosimetry
Carlo, point kernel, discrete ordinate, semi-empirical and
2
System
empirical methods.
51400 Practice for Characterization and Performance of a
1.5 General purpose software packages are available for the
2
High-Dose Radiation Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory
calculation of the transport of charged and/or neutral particles
51431 Practice for Dosimetry in Electron and Bremsstrahl-
and photons from various types of sources of ionizing radia-
2
ung Irradiation Facilities for Food Processing
tion. This standard is limited to the use of these software
51608 Practice for Dosimetry in an X-ray (Bremsstrahlung)
packages or other mathematical methods for the determination
2
Facility for Radiation Processing
of spatial dose distributions for photons emitted following the
137 60 51649 Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facility
decay of Cs or Co, energetic electrons from particle
forRadiationProcessingatEnergiesbetween300keVand
accelerators, or bremsstrahlung generated by electron accelera-
2
25 MeV
tors.
51702 Practice for Dosimetry in a Gamma Irradiation Fa-
1.6 This guide assists the user in determining if mathemati-
2
cility for Radiation Processing
cal methods are a useful tool. This guide may assist the user in
51707 Guide for Estimating Uncertainties in Dosimetry for
selecting an appropriate method for calculating absorbed dose.
2
Radiation Processing
NOTE 1—The user is urged to apply these predictive techniques while
51818 Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facility
being aware of the need for experience and also the inherent limitations of
for Radiation Processing at Energies between 80 and 300
both the method and the available software. Information pertaining to
2
keV
availabilityandupdatestocodesformodelingradiationtransport,courses,
2
51939 Practice for Blood Irradiation Dosimetry
workshops and meetings can be found in Annex A1. For a basic
2.3 International Commission on Radiation Units and
understanding of radiation physics and a brief overview of method
3
selection, refer to Annex A3. Measurements Reports:
ICRUReport14, RadiationDosimetry:X-RaysandGamma
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
E10.01 on Radiation Processing: Dosimetry and Applications. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.02.
3
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. DOI: Available from International Commission on Radiation Units and Measure-
10.1520/E2232-02. ments, 7910 Woodmont Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
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