ASTM D8128-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Monitoring Failure Mode Progression in Industrial Applications with Rolling Element Ball Type Bearings
Standard Guide for Monitoring Failure Mode Progression in Industrial Applications with Rolling Element Ball Type Bearings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for justification of oil test selection for monitoring rolling element ball type bearing conditions in industrial applications. Continuous benchmarking against similar applications is required to ensure lessons learned are continuously implemented.
5.2 Selection of oil tests for the purpose of detecting rolling element ball type bearing failure modes requires good understanding of equipment design, operating requirements and surrounding conditions. Specifically, detailed knowledge is required on bearing design configuration, dimensional tolerances, load directions, design limitations, lubrication mechanisms, lubricant characteristics, and metallurgy of lubricated surfaces including bearing cages. Equipment criticality and accessibility as well as application of other monitoring techniques (for example, vibration, ultrasound or thermal images) are also critical information in this analysis process. In addition, detailed knowledge on the lubricating oil is paramount.
5.3 To properly apply the FMEA methodology users must understand the changes the system may encounter during all operating modes, their impact on design functions and available monitoring techniques capable of detecting these changes. To assist this approach, Section 6 will provide extensive descriptions on the rolling element ball type bearing failure modes, their causes and effects.
5.4 It is recognized that in most industrial applications vibration monitoring is the primary condition monitoring technique applied to detect failure modes, causes and effects in rolling element ball type bearings—while oil analysis is primarily used to monitor the lubricating oil properties. In the recent years, however, there is a trend toward using oil analysis in order to provide earlier detection of some failures of rolling element ball type bearings. This is particularly applicable to complex dynamic systems such as compressors, gearboxes and some gas turbines where o...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide approaches oil analysis from a failure standpoint and includes both the rolling element ball type bearing wear and fluid deterioration in industrial application.
1.2 This guide pertains to improving equipment reliability, reducing maintenance costs and enhancing the condition-based maintenance program primarily for industrial machinery by applying analytical methodology to oil analysis program for the purpose of detecting specific failure modes.
1.3 This guide reinforces requirements for appropriate assembly, operation within the original design envelope as well as the need for condition-based and time-based maintenance.
1.4 This guide covers the principles of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as described in Guide D7874 and its relationship to rolling element ball type bearing wear in industrial application and its fluid deterioration.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8128 − 22
Standard Guide for
Monitoring Failure Mode Progression in Industrial
1
Applications with Rolling Element Ball Type Bearings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8128; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Oil analysis is a part of condition based maintenance programs. Despite being widely used for
several decades, there is no systematic approach in selecting oil tests based on failure mode analysis.
Most users select tests primarily based on oil degradation criteria, minimizing the potential for
detecting surface damage and limiting the potential benefits of the oil analysis program. This guide
providesjustificationforoilanalysisinindustrialapplicationsfromafailurestandpointtoincludeboth
rolling element bearing wear and fluid deterioration.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This guide approaches oil analysis from a failure stand-
point and includes both the rolling element ball type bearing
2. Referenced Documents
wear and fluid deterioration in industrial application.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This guide pertains to improving equipment reliability,
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
reducing maintenance costs and enhancing the condition-based
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
maintenance program primarily for industrial machinery by
ity)
applying analytical methodology to oil analysis program for
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
the purpose of detecting specific failure modes.
by Potentiometric Titration
1.3 This guide reinforces requirements for appropriate
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
assembly,operationwithintheoriginaldesignenvelopeaswell
(ASTM Color Scale)
as the need for condition-based and time-based maintenance.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
1.4 This guide covers the principles of Failure Mode and Fuels, and Lubricants
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
Effect Analysis (FMEA) as described in Guide D7874 and its
relationship to rolling element ball type bearing wear in leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
industrial application and its fluid deterioration.
D6595 Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Fluids by Rotating Disc ElectrodeAtomic Emission Spec-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
trometry
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Kinematic Viscosity)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D7414 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Oxidation
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubri-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cants byTrendAnalysis Using FourierTransform Infrared
(FT-IR) Spectrometry
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
2
mittee D02.96.04 on Guidelines for In-Services Lubricants Analysis. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8128 – 17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D8128-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8128 − 22
D7483 TestMethodforDeterminationofDynamicViscosity 3.1.7 dynamic viscosity [η], n—ratio of applied shear stress
and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Oscillat- and the resulting rate of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8128 − 17 D8128 − 22
Standard Guide for
Monitoring Failure Mode Progression in Industrial
1
Applications with Rolling Element Ball Type Bearings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8128; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Oil analysis is a part of condition based maintenance programs. Despite being widely used for
several decades, there is no systematic approach in selecting oil tests based on failure mode analysis.
Most users select tests primarily based on oil degradation criteria, minimizing the potential for
detecting surface damage and limiting the potential benefits of the oil analysis program. This guide
provides justification for oil analysis in industrial applications from a failure standpoint to include both
rolling element bearing wear and fluid deterioration.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide approaches oil analysis from a failure standpoint and includes both the rolling element ball type bearing wear and
fluid deterioration in industrial application.
1.2 This guide pertains to improving equipment reliability, reducing maintenance costs and enhancing the condition-based
maintenance program primarily for industrial machinery by applying analytical methodology to oil analysis program for the
purpose of detecting specific failure modes.
1.3 This guide reinforces requirements for appropriate assembly, operation within the original design envelope as well as the need
for condition-based and time-based maintenance.
1.4 This guide covers the principles of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as described in Guide D7874 and its relationship
to rolling element ball type bearing wear in industrial application and its fluid deterioration.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.04 on Guidelines for In-Services Lubricants Analysis.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017May 1, 2022. Published October 2017May 2022. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8128 – 17.
DOI: 10.1520/D8128-17.10.1520/D8128-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8128 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl
Fischer Titration
D6595 Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by
Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic
Viscosity)
D7414 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Oxidation in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubricants by
Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
D7483 Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Oscillating Piston
Viscometer
D7596 Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integra
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.