ASTM D2595-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.
5.2 The test method can be used at any specified temperature between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F) that may be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)
Note 1: The specified flow of air, 2.58 g/min ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew point of less than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149 °C (300 °F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2595 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-
1
Temperature Range
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evapora- 3.1 Definitions:
tion loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93°C
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
and 316°C (200°F and 600°F). This test method is intended
to Terminology D4175.
to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149°C
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
(300°F).
a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerformsa
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
surfacetensionandotherphysicalforces.Otheringredientsare
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
commonly included to impart special properties.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to form the product’s structure.
For specific safety information, see 5.2.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The thickener can be fibers (such as
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
non-soapthickeners)whichareinsolubleor,atmost,onlyvery
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mentsarethatthesolidparticlesbeextremelysmall,uniformly
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
structure with the liquid lubricant.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 A weighed sample of grease in an evaporation cell is
A240/A240MSpecification for Chromium and Chromium-
placed in a heating device maintained at the desired test
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
temperature. Heated air is passed over the grease surface for
Vessels and for General Applications
22h 6 0.1h. The loss in weight of the sample due to
D972Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating
evaporation is determined.
Greases and Oils
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
5. Significance and Use
Fuels, and Lubricants
E2877Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can
adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a
lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
evaluatingalubricantforaspecificuse.Suchvolatilescanalso
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.03 on Physical Tests. be considered contaminants in the environment in which the
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2595–17. DOI:
test method and service performance has not been established.
10.1520/D2595-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 The test method can be used at any specified tempera-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ture between 93°C and 316°C (200°F and 600°F) that may
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
--------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2595 − 17 D2595 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-
1
Temperature Range
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 °C and 316 °C
(200 °F and 600 °F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149 °C (300 °F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and
for General Applications
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D972 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2022. Published July 2017December 2022. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20082017 as
ε1
D2595 – 96D2595 – 17.(2008) , which was withdrawn January 2017 and reinstated June 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D2595-17. DOI: 10.1520/D2595-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2595 − 22
FIG. 1 Thermocouple Arrangement
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and other
physical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properties. D217
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant to form
the product’s structure.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
The thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners) which are
insoluble or, at most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid particles be
extremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D217
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A weighed sample of grease in an evaporation cell is placed in a heating device maintained at the desired test temperature.
Heated air is passed over the grease surface for 22 h 6 0.1 h. The loss in weight of the sample due to evaporation is determined.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lub
...
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