ASTM D1465-10(2015)

Standard Test Method for Blocking and Picking Points of Petroleum Wax

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Blocking of waxed paper, because of the relatively low temperatures at which it may occur, can be a major problem to the paper-coating industry. For example, when the waxed surfaces in a roll of waxed paper stick together, upon separation the surface films are marred and the glossy finish is destroyed. The wax picking point and the wax blocking point indicate an approximate temperature range at or above which waxed surfaces in contact with each other are likely to cause surface film injury.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the blocking point and picking point of petroleum wax.  
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2015
• ICS: 75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.10.0A - Physical/Chemical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1465 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry
Suggested Method T 652
Standard Test Method for
Blocking and Picking Points of Petroleum Wax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the block-
3. Terminology
ing point and picking point of petroleum wax.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
3.1.1 wax blocking point—the lowest temperature at which
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
film disruption occurs across 50 % of the waxed paper surface
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
when the test strips are separated.
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
3.1.2 wax picking point—the temperature at which the first
materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and
film disruption occurs on the waxed paper when test strips are
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
separated.
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
4. Summary of Test Method
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
4.1 Paper test specimens are coated with the wax sample,
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
folded with the waxed surfaces together, and placed on a
may be prohibited by law.
blocking plate. The plate is heated at one end and cooled at the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
other end to impose a measured temperature gradient along its
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
length.After a conditioning period on the plate, the specimens
information only.
areremoved,unfolded,andexamined.Thepointsofinitialfilm
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
disruption (picking point) and where 50 % of the specimen
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
width is disrupted (50 % blocking point) are noted. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperatures of corresponding points on the blocking plate are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
reported as the picking point and blocking point or blocking
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
range.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Blocking of waxed paper, because of the relatively low
D87 Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax
temperatures at which it may occur, can be a major problem to
(Cooling Curve)
the paper-coating industry. For example, when the waxed
D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum
surfaces in a roll of waxed paper stick together, upon separa-
Waxes, Including Petrolatum
tion the surface films are marred and the glossy finish is
D2423 Test Method for Surface Wax on Waxed Paper or
destroyed. The wax picking point and the wax blocking point
Paperboard
indicate an approximate temperature range at or above which
waxed surfaces in contact with each other are likely to cause
surface film injury.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties. This test method was 6. Apparatus
prepared jointly by theTechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry and the
6.1 Wax Coating Device—Any manual- or machine-driven
American Society for Testing and Materials.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally waxer that gives uniform coatings of the desired weights to a
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1465 – 10. DOI:
strip of paper not less than 51 mm (2 in.) wide.
10.1520/D1465-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6.2 Trimming Board,orotherdeviceforcuttingpaperstrips.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.3 Paper Scales, sensitive to 0.002 g, or suitable balance
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. for measuring basis weights of unwaxed and waxed paper.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1465 − 10 (2015)
6.4 Blocking Plate Assembly, consisting of a metal plate 7. Test Paper
305 mm (12 in.) wide, 13 mm to 51 mm ( ⁄2 in. to 2 in.) thick, 2
7.1 Paper—Cereal glassine of basis weight 46 g⁄m to
and 559 mm to 914 mm (22 in. to 36 in.) long. It is heated at 2 2
51 g⁄m (28.5 lb⁄3000 ft to 31.5 lb⁄3000 ft ).
one end and cooled at the other end to provide a 457 mm to
762 mm (18 in. to 30 in.) test section having an average
8. Sampling
temperature gradient of 0.8 °C to 2.2 °C (1.5 °F to 4.0 °F)⁄in.
8.1 Select a portion of the wax that is representative of the
The temperature gradient across the width of the plate from the
whole sample. The amount required will depend on the size of
longitudinal axis to 25 mm (1 in.) from the edge must not
the waxing device used.
exceed0.3 °C(0.5 °F).Thetemperatureatanypointshouldnot
vary more than 0.3 °C (0.5 °F). Details of two acceptable
9. Standardization of Apparatus
blocking plates are given in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
6.4.1 Eight Foam Rubber Strips, 25 mm to 38 mm (1 in. to 9.1 Turn the blocking plate on with all sponge rubber strips
1 1 1
1 ⁄2 in.) wide by 6 mm to 13 mm ( ⁄4 in. to ⁄2 in.) thick, and metal blocks in position. Allow sufficient time (3 h
minimum) for the plate to reach an equilibrium temperature
extending the length of the test section on the blocking plate.
6.4.2 Eight Sets of Steel Weights, 25 mm by 25 mm (1 in. by condition.
1 in.) in cross section made from stock having a density range
9.2 Calibrate a 30-gauge “test” thermocouple as follows:
3 3 3 3
from 7800 kg⁄m to 8000 kg⁄m (0.28 lb⁄in. to 0.29 lb⁄in. ).
Heat a beaker of water to about 43.3 °C (110 °F) and measure
The weights may be in single lengths or in sections to give sets
its temperature with a temperature measuring device which is
equaling the length of the test section of the blocking plate.
accurate to 0.3 °C (0.5 °F). Insert the “test” thermocouple in
6.5 Temperature Recorder, or indicator for measuring the the water and measure the temperature with a manual poten-
temperature gradient of the blocking plate. The instrument and tiometer which is accurate to at least 60.5 °C (61 °F). A
thermocouples when calibrated shall consistently be accurate portable precision type potentiometer or a type K
to 60.3 °C (0.5 °F). potentiometer, both of which are accurate to at least 0.5 °F
(0.3 °C) in this temperature range, is preferred.
6.6 Temperature Measuring Devices:
6.6.1 Thermometers—For water bath and wax bath on the 9.3 Lay the calibrated “test” thermocouple across the width
waxing device, use two ASTM Tag Closed Tester Thermom- of the plate with its junction directly over one of the imbedded
eters having a range from –5 °C to 110 °C (20 °F to 230 °F), thermocouples. Be sure that one of the sponge rubber strips
graduated in 0.5 °C (1 °F) subdivisions, and conforming to covers the junction completely. Replace the weights on the
Thermometer 9C or 9F as prescribed in Specification E1. rubber strips. After 3 min to 4 min, note the temperature
6.6.2 Alternatively, bath temperatures may be monitored readings on the hand potentiometer and the corresponding
with a calibrated thermometer containing a liquid other than point on the recorder. If the reading of the test thermocouple
mercury or an electronic temperature measuring device of plus its calibration factor is more than 0.5 °C (1 °F) from that
of the recorder reading, check the accuracy of the recorder
equivalent precision and accuracy to the thermometers de-
scribed in 6.6.1. separately. If the recorder is satisfactory, the trouble may result
FIG. 1 Type A Blocking
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1465 − 10 D1465 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry
Suggested Method T 652
Standard Test Method for
Blocking and Picking Points of Petroleum Wax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the blocking point and picking point of petroleum wax.
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D87 Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax (Cooling Curve)
D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum Waxes, Including Petrolatum
D2423 Test Method for Surface Wax on Waxed Paper or Paperboard
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 wax blocking point—the lowest temperature at which film disruption occurs across 50 % of the waxed paper surface when
the test strips are separated.
3.1.2 wax picking point—the temperature at which the first film disruption occurs on the waxed paper when test strips are
separated.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Paper test specimens are coated with the wax sample, folded with the waxed surfaces together, and placed on a blocking
plate. The plate is heated at one end and cooled at the other end to impose a measured temperature gradient along its length. After
a conditioning period on the plate, the specimens are removed, unfolded, and examined. The points of initial film disruption
(picking point) and where 50 % of the specimen width is disrupted (50 % blocking point) are noted. The temperatures of
corresponding points on the blocking plate are reported as the picking point and blocking point or blocking range.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Blocking of waxed paper, because of the relatively low temperatures at which it may occur, can be a major problem to the
paper-coating industry. For example, when the waxed surfaces in a roll of waxed paper stick together, upon separation the surface
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties. This test method was prepared jointly by the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry and the American Society
for Testing and Materials.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2015. Published June 2010December 2015. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D1465D1465 – 10.–04. DOI: 10.1520/D1465-10.10.1520/D1465-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1465 − 10 (2015)
films are marred and the glossy finish is destroyed. The wax picking point and the wax blocking point indicate an approximate
temperature range at or above which waxed surfaces in contact with each other are likely to cause surface film injury.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Wax Coating Device—Any manual- or machine-driven waxer that gives uniform coatings of the desired weights to a strip
of paper not less than 51 mm (2 in.) 51 mm (2 in.) wide.
6.2 Trimming Board, or other device for cutting paper strips.
6.3 Paper Scales, sensitive to 0.002 g, 0.002 g, or suitable balance for measuring basis weights of unwaxed and waxed paper.
6.4 Blocking Plate Assembly, consisting of a metal plate 305 mm (12 in.) wide, 13 to 51 mm 305 mm (12 in.) wide, 13 mm to
51 mm ( ⁄2 in. to 2 in.) 2 in.) thick, and 559 to 914 mm (22 to 36 in.) 559 mm to 914 mm (22 in. to 36 in.) long. It is heated at
one end and cooled at the other end to provide a 457457 mm to 762-mm (18762 mm (18 in. to 30-in.)30 in.) test section having
an average temperature gradient of 0.80.8 °C to 2.2°C (1.52.2 °C (1.5 °F to 4.0°F)/in.4.0 °F) ⁄in. The temperature gradient across
the width of the plate from the longitudinal axis to 25 mm (1 in.) 25 mm (1 in.) from the edge must not exceed 0.3°C (0.5°F).0.3 °C
(0.5 °F). The temperature at any point should not vary more than 0.3°C (0.5°F).0.3 °C (0.5 °F). Details of two acceptable blocking
plates are given in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
1 1
6.4.1 Eight Foam Rubber Strips, 25 to 38 mm (1 25 mm to 38 mm (1 in. to 1 ⁄2 in.) in.) wide by 66 mm to 13 mm 13 mm ( ⁄4 in.
to ⁄2 in.) in.) thick, extending the length of the test section on the blocking plate.
6.4.2 Eight Sets of Steel Weights, 25 by 25 mm (1 by 1 in.) 25 mm by 25 mm (1 in. by 1 in.) in cross section made from stock
3 3 3 3
having a density range from 78007800 kg ⁄m to 8000 8000 kg kg/m⁄m (0.28(0.28 lb ⁄in. to 0.29 0.29 lb lb/in⁄in. ). The weights
may be in single lengths or in sections to give sets equaling the length of the test section of the blocking plate.
6.5 Temperature Recorder, or indicator for measuring the temperature gradient of the blocking plate. The instrument and
thermocouples when calibrated shall consistently be accurate to 6 0.3°C (0.5°F).60.3 °C (0.5 °F).
6.6 Temperature Measuring Devices:
6.6.1 Thermometers—For water bath and wax bath on the waxing device, use two ASTM Tag Closed Tester Thermometers
having a range from −5from –5 °C to 110°C (20110 °C (20 °F to 230°F),230 °F), graduated in 0.5°C (1°F)0.5 °C (1 °F)
subdivisions, and conforming to Thermometer 9C or 9F as prescribed in Specification E1.
6.6.2 Alternatively, bath temperatures may be monitored with a calibrated thermometer containing a liquid other than mercury
or an electronic temperature measuring device of equivalent precision and accuracy to the thermometers described in 6.6.1.
7. Test Paper
2 2 2
7.1 Paper—Cereal glassine of basis weight 4646 g ⁄m to 51 51 g g/m⁄m (28.5(28.5 lb ⁄3000 ft to 31.5 31.5 lb lb/3000
⁄ft3000 ft ).
FIG. 1 Type A Blocking Plate
D1465 − 10 (2015)
FIG. 2 Type B Blocking Plate
8. Sampling
8.1 Select a portion of the wax that is representative of the whole sample. The amount required will depend on the size of the
waxing device used.
9. Standardization of Apparatus
9.1 Turn the blocking plate on with all sponge rubber strips and metal blocks in position. Allow sufficient time (3 h (3 h
minimum) for the plate to reach an equilibrium temperature condition.
9.2 Calibrate a 30-gauge “test” thermocouple as follows: Heat a beaker of water to about 43.3°C (110°F)43.3 °C (110 °F) and
measure its temperature with a temperature measuring device which is accurate to 0.3°C (0.5°F).0.3 °C (0.5 °F). Insert the “test”
thermocouple in the water and measure the temperature with a manual potentiometer which is accurate to at least 60.5°C
(61°F).60.5 °C (61 °F). A portable precision type potentiometer or a type K potentiometer, both of which are accurate to at least
0.5°F (0.3°C)0.5 °F (0.3 °C) in this temperature range, is preferred.
9.3 Lay the calibrated “test” thermocouple across the width of the plate with its junction directly over one of the imbedded
thermocouples. Be sure that one of the sponge rubber strips covers the junction completely. Replace the weights on the rubber
strips. After 33 min to 4 min, 4 min, note the temperature readings on the hand potentiometer and the corresponding point on the
recorder. If the reading of the test thermocouple plus its calibration factor is more than 0.5°C
...