iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM A340-03

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2003
ICS
29.030 - Magnetic materials
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.92 - Terminology and Definitions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A340-01e1 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Replaced By
ASTM A340-03a - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
Effective Date
10-Jun-2003
Referred By
ASTM A976-18 - Standard Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical Steels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability and Application
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A726-18 - Standard Specification for Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination Quality Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A698/A698M-20 - Standard Test Method for Magnetic Shield Efficiency in Attenuating Alternating Magnetic Fields
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A348/A348M-05(2021) - Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method, 100 to 10 000 Hz and 25-cm Epstein Frame
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A1009-18 - Standard Specification for Soft Magnetic MnZn Ferrite Core Materials for Transformer and Inductor Applications
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A345-19 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM F2978-20 - Standards Guide to Optimize Scan Sequences for Clinical Diagnostic Evaluation of Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty Devices using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A876-17e1 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A753-21 - Standard Specification for Wrought Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic Alloys (UNS K94490, K94840, N14076, N14080)
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A598/A598M-02(2022) - Standard Test Method for Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Amplifier Cores
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A1102-19 - Standard Specification for Sintered Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Permanent Magnets
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A34/A34M-06(2021) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM A889/A889M-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Low Magnetic Flux Density Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter-Varmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Frame
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003

Buy Standard

ASTM A340-03 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic TestingASTM A340-03 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM A340-03 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
English language
15 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 340 – 03
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this glossary of terms, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to the average worker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this glossary to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with those found in
ANSI/IEEE 260-1978 and USA Standard Y 10.5-1968.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
c
a cross-sectional area of B coil H intrinsic coercive field strength
ci
A cross-sectional area of specimen H coercivity
cs
A8 solid area H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
magnetic induction D
H
B magnetic flux density H air gap magnetic field strength
g
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
L
DB excursion range of induction
peak value of magnetizing current
B · biased induction
b
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
m
B remanent induction
d
esis loop
B remanence
dm
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
B H energy product
d d
current loop
(B H ) maximum energy product
d d m
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
B incremental induction
D
peak value of exciting current)
B intrinsic induction
i
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
dent with B )
max
B maximum induction in a flux current loop
max
H ac magnetic field strength force (from an as-
z
B residual induction
r
sumed peak value of exciting current)
B retentivity
rs
I ac exciting current (rms value)
B saturation induction
s
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c
cf crest factor
I constant current
dc
CM cyclically magnetized condition
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m
d lamination thickness
J magnetic polarization
D demagnetizing coefficient
B
k8 coupling coefficient
df distortion factor
, flux path length
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
, effective flux path length
1
E exciting voltage
, gap length
g
E induced primary voltage
1
+ (also f N) flux linkage
E induced secondary voltage
2
+ mutual flux linkage
m
E flux volts
f
L self inductance
f cyclic frequency in hertz
L core inductance
1
^ magnetomotive force
L incremental inductance
D
ff form factor
L intrinsic inductance
i
H magnetic field strength
L mutual inductance
m
DH excursion range of magnetic field strength
L initial inductance
0
L series inductance
s
L winding inductance
w
m magnetic moment
1
M magnetization
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
m total mass of a specimen
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on
m active mass of a specimen
1
Terminology and Definitions.
N demagnetizing factor
D
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published March 2003. Originally
e1 N turns in a primary winding
1
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 340 – 01 .
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 340–03
N turns in a secondary winding G magnetic constant
2 m
N I/, ac excitation d density
1 1
p magnetic pole strength k susceptibility
3 permeance ac Permeabilities:
P active (real) power μ ideal permeability
a
P apparent power μ inductance permeability
a L
P specific apparent power μ L incremental inductance permeability
a (B;f) D
μ initial dynamic permeability
0d
P total core loss μ peak permeability
c p
P specific core loss μ incremental peak permeability
c (B;f)
Dp
μ instantaneous permeability
i
P incremental core loss μ impedance permeability
cD
z
P normal eddy current core loss μ incremental impedance permeability
e Dz
P incremental eddy current core loss dc Permeabilities:
De
P normal hysteresis core loss μ normal permeability
h
P incremental hysteresis core loss μ absolute permeability
Dh abs
P reactive (quadrature) power μ differential permeability
q d
P residual core loss μ incremental permeability
r D
P winding loss (copper loss)
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM A1054-16(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Sintered Ferrite Permanent Magnets

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ceramic ferrite permanent magnets. Both barium and strontium ferrite materials are covered by this specification. Both isotropic (1 type) and anisotropic (12 types) are covered. A cross reference to both IEC and MMPA designations is provided. The magnetic property requirements for each type are defined as is the method of test. Other defined requirements include the workmanship. Typical physical properties are listed in the appendices.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ferrite permanent magnets.  
1.2 Ferrite permanent magnets have residual induction Br from 0.2 T (2000 G) up to about 0.5 T (5000 G) and intrinsic coercive field strength HcJ from 160 kA/m (2000 Oe) up to about 400 kA/m (5000 Oe). Their specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A712-14(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Soft Magnetic Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for the measurement of the electrical resistivity of specimens of soft magnetic materials.  
4.2 The reproducibility and repeatability of this test method are such that it is suitable for design, specification acceptance, service evaluation, quality assurance, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of electrical resistivity of strip or bar specimens of soft magnetic alloys.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A772/A772M-00(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for AC Magnetic Permeability of Materials Using Sinusoidal Current

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The permeability determined by this method is the impedance permeability. Impedance permeability is the ratio of the peak value of flux density (Bmax) to the assumed peak magnetic field strength (Hz) without regard to phase. As compared to testing under sinusoidal flux (sinusoidal B) conditions, the permeabilities determined by this method are numerically lower since, for a given test signal frequency, the rate of flux change (dB/dt) is higher.  
4.2 This test method is suitable for impedance permeability measurements at very low magnetic inductions at power frequencies (50 Hz to 60 Hz) to moderate inductions below the point of maximum permeability of the material (the knee of the magnetization curve) or until there is visible distortion of the current waveform. The lower limit is a function of sample area, secondary turns, and the sensitivity of the flux-reading voltmeter used. At higher inductions, measurements of flux-generated voltages that are appreciably distorted mean that the flux has appreciable harmonic frequency components. The upper limit is given by the availability of pure sinusoidal current, which is a function of the power source. In addition, a large ratio (≥10) of the total series resistance of the primary circuit to the primary coil impedance is required. With proper test apparatus, this test method is suitable for use at frequencies up to 1 MHz.  
4.3 This test method is suitable for design, specification acceptance, service evaluation, quality control, and research use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means for determination of the impedance permeability (μz) of ferromagnetic materials under the condition of sinusoidal current (sinusoidal H) excitation. Test specimens in the form of laminated toroidal cores, tape-wound toroidal cores, and link-type laminated cores having uniform cross sections and closed flux paths (no air gaps) are used. The method is intended as a means for determining the magnetic performance of ferromagnetic strip having a thickness less than or equal to 0.025 in. [0.635 mm].  
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with those applicable paragraphs in Practice A34/A34M.  
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A341/A341M-16(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Soft Magnetic Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Point by Point (Ballistic) Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Permeameters require the use of yokes to complete the magnetic circuit and are therefore inherently less accurate than ring test methods. Refer to Test Method A596/A596M for further details on ring test methods. However, when testing certain shapes as bars or when magnetic field strength in excess of 200 Oe [16 kA/m] is required, permeameters are the only practical means of measuring magnetic properties.  
3.2 This test method is suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, research and development and design.  
3.3 When the test specimen is fabricated from a larger sample and is in the same condition as the larger sample, it may not exhibit magnetic properties representative of the original sample. In such instances the test results, when viewed in context of past performance history, will be useful for judging the suitability of the material for the intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides dc permeameter tests for the basic magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials in the form of bars, rods, wire, or strip specimens which may be cut, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, extruded, rolled, or other fabricated materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal induction under symmetrically cyclically magnetized (SCM) conditions and the hysteresis loop (B-H loop) taken under conditions of rapidly changing or steep wavefront reversals of the direct current magnetic field strength. This method has been historically referred to as the ballistic test method. For testing hard or permanent magnet materials, Test Method A977/A977M shall be used.  
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M.  
1.3 This test method covers a range of magnetic field strength in the specimen from about 0.05 Oe [4 A/m] up to above 5000 Oe [400 kA/m] through the use of several permeameters. The separate permeameters cover this test region in several overlapping ranges.  
1.4 Normal induction and hysteresis properties may be determined over the magnetic flux density range from essentially zero to the saturation induction for most materials.  
1.5 Recommendations of the useful magnetic field strength range for each of the permeameters are shown in Table 1.2 Permeameters particularly well suited for general testing of soft magnetic materials are shown in boldface. Also, see Sections 3 and 4 for general limitations relative to the use of permeameters.    
1.6 The symbols and abbreviated definitions used in this test method appear with Fig. 1 and in appropriate sections of this document. For the official definitions, see Terminology A340. Note that the term magnetic flux density used in this document is synonymous with the term magnetic induction.
FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Permeameter  
Note 1:  
A1—Multirange ammeter (main current)
A2—Multirange ammeter (hysteresis current)
B—Magnetic flux density test position for Switch S3
F—Electronic Fluxmeter
H—Magnetic field strength test position for Switch S3
N1—Magnetizing coil
N2—Magnetic flux sensing (B) coil
N3—Magnetic field strength (H) sensing coil
R1—Main current control rheostat
R2—Hysteresis current control rheostat
S1—Reversing switch for magnetizing current
S2—Shunting switch for hysteresis current control rheostat
S3—Fluxmeter selector switch
SP—Specimen  
1.7 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm ) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be p...

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A893/A893M-03(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Complex Dielectric Constant of Nonmetallic Magnetic Materials at Microwave Frequencies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method can be used to evaluate batch type or continuous production of material for use in microwave applications. It may be used to determine the loss factors of microwave ferrites or help evaluate absorption materials for use in microwave ovens and other shielding applications.  
3.2 The values obtained by use of this practice can be used as quality assurance information for process control, or both, when correlated to the chemistry or process for manufacturing the material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the complex dielectric constant of isotropic ferrites for extremely high-frequency applications.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A348/A348M-05(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method, 100 to 10 000 Hz and 25-cm Epstein Frame

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method evaluates the performance of flat-rolled magnetic materials over a wide frequency range of ac excitation with and without incremental dc bias, as used on transformers, motors, and other laminated core devices.  
4.2 This test method is suitable for design, specification acceptance, service evaluation, and research.  
4.3 The application of test results obtained with this test method to the design or evaluation of a particular magnetic device must recognize the influence of the magnetic circuitry upon its performance. Some specific items to consider are size, shape, holes, welding, staking, bolting, bracketing, shorting between laminations, ac waveform, adjacent magnetic fields, and stress.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the magnetic properties of flat-rolled magnetic materials using Epstein test specimens with double-lap joints in the 25-cm Epstein frame. It covers determination of core loss, rms and peak exciting current, exciting power, magnetic field strength, and permeability. This test method is commonly used to test grain-oriented and nonoriented electrical steels but may also be used to test nickel-iron, cobalt-iron, and other flat-rolled magnetic materials.  
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M and Test Method A343/A343M.  
1.3 Tests under this test method may be conducted with either normal ac magnetization or with ac magnetization and superimposed dc bias (incremental magnetization).  
1.4 In general, this test method has the following limitations:  
1.4.1 Frequency—The range of this test method normally covers frequencies from 100 to 10 000 Hz. With proper equipment, the test method may be extended above 10 000 Hz. When tests are limited to the use of power sources having frequencies below 100 Hz, they shall use the procedures of Test Method A343/A343M.  
1.4.2 Magnetic Flux Density  (may also be referred to as Flux Density)—The range of magnetic flux density for this test method is governed by the test specimen properties and by the available instruments and other equipment components. Normally, for many materials, the magnetic flux density range is from 1 to 15 kG [0.1 to 1.5 T].  
1.4.3 Core Loss and Exciting Power—These measurements are normally limited to test conditions that do not cause a test specimen temperature rise in excess of 50°C or exceed 100 W/lb [220 W/kg].  
1.4.4 Excitation—Either rms or peak values of exciting current may be measured at any test point that does not exceed the equipment limitations provided that the impedance of the ammeter shunt is low and its insertion into the test circuit does not cause appreciably increased voltage waveform distortion at the test magnetic flux density.  
1.4.5 Incremental Properties—Measurement of incremental properties shall be limited to combinations of ac and dc excitations that do not cause secondary voltage waveform distortion, as determined by the form factor method, to exceed a shift of 10 % away from sine wave conditions.  
1.5 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized princi...

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A773/A773M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Low Coercivity Magnetic Materials Using Hysteresigraphs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hysteresigraphs permit more rapid and efficient collection of data as compared to the point by point ballistic Test Methods A341/A341M and A596/A596M. The high measurement point density offered by computer-automated systems is often required for computer aided design of electrical components such as transformers, motors, and relays.  
5.2 Hysteresigraphs are particularly desirable for testing of semi-hard and hard magnetic materials, where either the entire second quadrant (demagnetization curve) or entire hysteresis loop is of primary concern. Test Method A977/A977M describes the special requirements for accurate measurement of hard magnetic (permanent magnet) materials.  
5.3 Hysteresigraphs are not recommended for measurement of initial permeability, µi, of materials with high magnetic permeability such as nickel-iron, amorphous, and nanocrystalline materials due to errors associated with integrator drift; in these cases, Test Method A596/A596M is a more appropriate method.  
5.4 Provided the test specimen is representative of the bulk sample or lot, this test method is well suited for design, specification acceptance, service evaluation, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides dc hysteresigraph procedures for the determination of basic magnetic properties of materials in the form of ring, spirally wound toroidal, link, double-lapped Epstein cores, or other standard shapes that may be cut, stamped, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, or rolled materials. It includes tests for initial and normal magnetization curves and hysteresis loop determination taken under conditions of continuous sweep magnetization. Rate of sweep may be varied, either manually or automatically at different portions of the curves during measurement.  
1.2 The equipment and procedures described in this test method are most suited for soft and semi-hard materials with intrinsic coercivity less than about 100 Oersteds [8 kA/M]. Materials with higher intrinsic coercivities should be tested according to Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A596/A596M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Point by Point (Ballistic) Method and Ring Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Test methods using suitable ring-type specimens4 are the preferred methods of determining the basic magnetic properties of a material caused by the absence of demagnetizing effects and are well suited for specification acceptance, service evaluation, and research and development.  
3.2 Provided the test specimen is representative of the bulk material as is usually the case for thin strip and wire, this test is also suitable for design purposes.  
3.3 When the test specimen is not necessarily representative of the bulk material such as a ring machined from a large forging or casting, the results of this test method may not be an accurate indicator of the magnetic properties of the bulk material. In such instances, the test results when viewed in context of past performance history will be useful for judging the suitability of the current material for the intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers dc testing for the determination of basic magnetic properties of materials in the form of ring, toroidal, link, double-lapped Epstein cores, or other standard shapes which may be cut, stamped, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, or rolled materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal magnetization curve and hysteresis loop taken under conditions of steep wavefront reversals of the direct-current magnetic field strength.  
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for a testing range from very low magnetic field strength up to 200 or more Oe [15.9 or more kA/m]. The lower limit is determined by integrator sensitivity and the upper limit by heat generation in the magnetizing winding. Special techniques and short duration testing may extend the upper limit of magnetic field strength.  
1.4 Testing under this test method is inherently more accurate than other methods. When specified dimensional or shape requirements are observed, the measurements are a good approximation to absolute properties. Test accuracy available is primarily limited by the accuracy of instrumentation. In most cases, equivalent results may be obtained using Test Method A773/A773M or the test methods of IEC Publication 60404-4.  
1.5 This test method permits a choice of test specimen to permit measurement of properties in any desired direction relative to the direction of crystallographic orientation without interference from external yoke systems.  
1.6 The symbols and abbreviated definitions used in this test method appear in Fig. 1 and Sections 5, 6, 9, and 10. For the official definitions see Terminology A340.  
FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Ring-Type Cores  
Note 1:  
A1—Multirange ammeter, main-magnetizing current circuit
A2—Multirange ammeter, hysteresis-current circuit
N1—Magnetizing (primary) winding
N2—Flux-sensing (secondary) winding
F—Electronic integrator
  R1—Main current control rheostat
R2—Hysteresis current control rheostat
S1—Reversing switch
S2—Shunting switch for hysteresis current control rheostat  
1.7 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm ) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.8 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, the SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections fo...

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A342/A342M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Weakly Magnetic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is suitable for specification acceptance, design purposes, service evaluation, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, and research and development.  
3.2 Because of the restrictions on the specimen shape and size, this test method is most often used to evaluate semifinished product before fabrication of parts.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover four procedures for determination of the permeability [relative permeability]2 of materials having a relative permeability not exceeding 6.0.  
1.2 The test methods covered are as follows:  
1.2.1 Test Method 1—Fluxmetric Method is suitable for materials with relative permeabilities between 1.0 and 4.0. This method permits the user to select the magnetic field strength at which the permeability is to be measured.  
1.2.2 Test Method 2—Permeability of Paramagnetic Materials has been eliminated as an acceptable method of test.  
1.2.3 Test Method 3—Low Mu Permeability Indicator is suitable for measuring the permeability of a material as “less than” or “greater than” that of calibrated standard inserts with relative permeabilities between 1.01 and 6.0, as designated for use in a Low-Mu Permeability Indicator.3 In this method, a small volume of specimen is subjected to a local magnetic field that varies in magnitude and direction, so it is not possible to specify the magnetic field strength at which the measurement is made.  
1.2.4 Test Method 4—Flux Distortion is suitable for materials with relative permeabilities between 1.0 and 2.0. In this method, a small volume of specimen is subjected to a local magnetic field that varies in magnitude and direction, so it is not possible to specify the magnetic field strength at which the measurement is made.4  
1.2.5 Test Method 5—Vibrating Sample Magnetometry is suitable for materials with relative permeabilities between 1.0 and 4.0. This test method permits the user to select the magnetic field strength at which the permeability is to be measured.  
1.3 Materials typically tested by these methods such as austenitic stainless steels may be weakly ferromagnetic. That is, the magnetic permeability is dependent on the magnetic field strength. As a consequence, the results obtained using the different methods may not closely agree with each other. When using Methods 1 and 5, it is imperative to specify the magnetic field strength or range of magnetic field strengths at which the permeabilities have been determined.  
1.4 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A34/A34M-06(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice defines test lots and describes the selection and preparation of test specimens used in the determination of magnetic properties of various materials.  
4.2 A method of calculating the density of iron-base electrical steels is given and a table of assumed densities for magnetic testing of commercial soft magnetic alloys is provided.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sampling procedures and test practices for determination of various magnetic properties of both soft and hard magnetic materials.  
1.2 This practice may be used either in conjunction with, or independent of, the standard test methods and materials specifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06. In the former situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall not supersede those found in the individual test methods and materials specifications. In the latter situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall strictly apply.  
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off