ASTM A1102-19
(Specification)Standard Specification for Sintered Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Permanent Magnets
Standard Specification for Sintered Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Permanent Magnets
ABSTRACT
This specification applies to technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered (fully dense) permanent magnets commonly known as samarium cobalt (SmCo). SmCo permanent magnets are available in two general composition families abbreviated “SmCo 1:5” and “SmCo 2:17.” These materials have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction from 0.78 T (7800 G) to 1.18 T (11 800 G) and intrinsic coercivity typically greater than 800 kA/m (10 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges. Specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered (fully dense) permanent magnets commonly known as samarium cobalt. These materials are available in two general composition families abbreviated “SmCo 1:5” and “SmCo 2:17.” The numbers indicate the approximate atomic ratio of samarium to the sum of other constituents. (Refer to Appendix X3 for additional composition information.)
1.2 Samarium cobalt magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction, Br, from 0.78 T (7800 G) to 1.18 T (11 800 G) and intrinsic coercivity, HcJ, typically greater than 800 kA/m (10 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges (see Appendix X4). Specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A1102 −19
Standard Specification for
1
Sintered Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Permanent Magnets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers technically important, com- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
mercially available, magnetically hard sintered (fully dense) A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
permanent magnets commonly known as samarium cobalt. Magnetic Testing
These materials are available in two general composition A977/A977M Test Method for Magnetic Properties of High-
families abbreviated “SmCo 1:5” and “SmCo 2:17.” The Coercivity Permanent Magnet Materials Using Hyster-
numbers indicate the approximate atomic ratio of samarium to esigraphs
the sum of other constituents. (Refer to Appendix X3 for 2.2 Other Standards:
additional composition information.) MMPA Standard No. 0100-00 Standard Specifications for
3
Permanent Magnet Materials
1.2 Samarium cobalt magnets have approximate magnetic
IEC 60404-8-1 Magnetic Materials Part 8: Specifications for
properties of residual magnetic induction, B , from 0.78 T
r
Individual Materials Section 1 – Standard Specifications
(7800 G) to 1.18 T (11 800 G) and intrinsic coercivity, H ,
cJ
4
for Magnetically Hard Materials
typically greater than 800 kA/m (10 000 Oe). Special grades
and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside
3. Terminology
these ranges (see Appendix X4). Specific magnetic hysteresis
3.1 The terms and symbols used in this specification, unless
behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using
otherwise noted, are defined in Terminology A340.
Test Method A977/A977M.
3.2 Terms that are not defined in Terminology A340 but are
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
in common usage and used herein are as follows.
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.1 Recoil permeability, µ , is the permeability corre-
(rec)
conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units
sponding to the slope of the recoil line. For reference see
whichareprovidedforinformationonlyandarenotconsidered
incremental, relative, and reversible permeabilities as defined
standard.
in Terminology A340. In practical use, this is the slope of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
normal hysteresis loop in the second quadrant and in proximity
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to the B-axis. The value of recoil permeability is dimension-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
less. Note that in producers’ product literature recoil perme-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ability is sometimes represented by the symbol µ , which is
r
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
defined by Terminology A340 as relative permeability.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2 Magnetic characteristics change with temperature.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Two key metrics of permanent magnet performance are re-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sidual induction, B , and intrinsic coercive field strength, H .
r cJ
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from the Permanent Magnet Division of the SMMA (www.sm-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on ma.org). It was previously available from The International Magnetics Association
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on (IMA). The IMA had been the successor to the MMPA and both organizations
Material Specifications. (MMPA and IMA) no longer exist.
4
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A1102 – 16. DOI: Varembé, 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
10.1520/A1102-19. www.iec.ch.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A1102 − 16 A1102 − 19
Standard Specification for
1
Sintered Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Permanent Magnets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered (fully dense) permanent
magnets commonly known as samarium cobalt. These materials are available in two general composition families abbreviated
“SmCo 1:5” and “SmCo 2:17.” The numbers indicate the approximate atomic ratio of samarium to the sum of other constituents.
(Refer to Appendix X3 for additional composition information.)
1.2 Samarium cobalt magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction, B , from 0.78 T (7800 G)
r
to 1.18 T (11 800 G) and intrinsic coercivity, H , typically greater than 800 kA/m (10 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic
cJ
(un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges (see Appendix X4). Specific magnetic hysteresis behavior
(demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
A977/A977M Test Method for Magnetic Properties of High-Coercivity Permanent Magnet Materials Using Hysteresigraphs
2.2 Other Standards:
3
MMPA Standard No. 0100-00 Standard Specifications for Permanent Magnet Materials
IEC 60404-8-1 Magnetic Materials Part 8: Specifications for Individual Materials Section 1 – Standard Specifications for
4
Magnetically Hard Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 The terms and symbols used in this specification, unless otherwise noted, are defined in Terminology A340.
3.2 Terms that are not defined in Terminology A340 but are in common usage and used herein are as follows.
3.2.1 Recoil permeability, μ , is the permeability corresponding to the slope of the recoil line. For reference see incremental,
(rec)
relative, and reversible permeabilities as defined in Terminology A340. In practical use, this is the slope of the normal hysteresis
loop in the second quadrant and in proximity to the B-axis. The value of recoil permeability is dimensionless. Note that in
producers’ product literature recoil permeability is sometimes represented by the symbol μ , which is defined by Terminology A340
r
as relative permeability.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on Material
Specifications.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Aug. 1, 2019. Published November 2016August 2019. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
A1102 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/A1102–16.10.1520/A1102-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the Permanent Magnet Division of the SMMA (www.smma.org). It was previously available from The International Magnetics Association (IMA). The
IMA had been the successor to the MMPA and both organizations (MMPA and IMA) no longer exist.
4
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de Varembé, 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
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