ASTM D8182-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Alloy Classification of Wear Debris using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Standard Test Method for Alloy Classification of Wear Debris using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many cases, equipment failure modes are identified by wear debris that is not captured in used lubricating oil samples but captured on chip detectors, filters or by other means. Users of this technique include, but are not limited to, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), commercial airlines, civil aerospace operators, maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) facilities, and military maintenance personnel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a means for quantitative determination of wear debris found in in-service lubricants by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is an analytical technology that uses short laser pulses to create micro hot-plasma ablation of a material and then employs spectroscopic tools for analysis.2
1.2 This method covers the means for alloy classification and sizing of wear debris. Wear debris sources can include, but are not limited to: (1) chip collector and chip detector devices, (2) filters, (3) ferrograms, and (4) loose particles. The 23 tested alloys and metals included in the default material library of the instrument are listed in Table 1.
1.3 The method for alloy classification and sizing of wear debris is not limited to the list of alloys in Table 1. The instrument has the capability of including additional alloys and metals as required.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8182 −18
Standard Test Method for
Alloy Classification of Wear Debris using Laser-Induced
1
Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8182; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method describes a means for quantitative
D7669 Guide for Practical Lubricant Condition Data Trend
determination of wear debris found in in-service lubricants by
Analysis
laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is an
D7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm
analytical technology that uses short laser pulses to create
Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment
micro hot-plasma ablation of a material and then employs
2
and Oil for Fitness and Contamination
spectroscopic tools for analysis.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.2 This method covers the means for alloy classification
ASTM Test Methods
and sizing of wear debris.Wear debris sources can include, but
3. Terminology
are not limited to: (1) chip collector and chip detector devices,
(2) filters, (3) ferrograms, and (4) loose particles.The 23 tested
3.1 Definitions:
alloys and metals included in the default material library of the
3.1.1 alloy, n—unique composition of two or more metals
instrument are listed in Table 1.
that has one or more of the metals treated or processed in a
special way to confer enhanced performance characteristics on
1.3 The method for alloy classification and sizing of wear
the resulting material.
debris is not limited to the list of alloys in Table 1. The
3.1.2 debris, n—solid particulate matter introduced to lubri-
instrument has the capability of including additional alloys and
cant (or machinery/equipment fluid) through contamination or
metals as required.
detached from a surface due to wear, corrosion, or erosion
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
process.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.3 in-service oil, n—lubricating oil that is present in a
standard.
machine that has been at operating temperature for at least one
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
hour.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 wear, n—damage to a solid surface, usually involving
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
progressive loss or displacement of material, due to relative
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
motion between that surface and a contacting substance or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
substances.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.5 wear debris, n—particles that have become detached
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
in wear or erosion processes.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1 alloy classification, n—the automated process that
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
uses the LIBS technology in conjunction with an artificial
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
neural network (ANN) to determine the specific alloy or alloy
grouping for a given sample.
3.2.2 alloy grouping, n—within a given LIBS training set,
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
when two or more alloys are significantly similar in elemental
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.96.06 on Practices and Techniques for Prediction and Determi-
nation of Microscopic Wear and Wear-related Properties.
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Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. DOI: 10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D8182-18. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Hill, R., Lawrence, R., Toms, A.; “A New Approach to Elemental and Wear Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Debris Analysis,” STLE, Las Vegas, NV, 2016. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8182−18
TABLE 1 List of 23 Alloys and Metals
Alloys
1010 Carbon Steel
17-
...
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