ASTM E1024-97
(Guide)Standard Guide for Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal Bearing Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Standard Guide for Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal Bearing Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers general recommendations for the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometers in the flame mode for the chemical analysis of metals and metal bearing ores by ASTM methods. It describes tests to determine whether the instrument's performance is satisfactory and recommends procedures for taking atomic absorption measurements. Additional information may be found in Practice E663.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 1024 – 97
Standard Guide for
Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal Bearing Ores by
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1024; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Because atomic absorption spectrophotometers vary
greatly in their sensitivity for any specific element, the con-
1.1 This guide covers general recommendations for the use
centration ranges for test and calibration solutions given in
of atomic absorption spectrophotometers in the flame mode for
each method must be considered only a guide for analysts who
the chemical analysis of Metals and metal bearing ores by
are not familiar with the response of their instruments for the
ASTM methods.
element to be determined. Those who know the optimum
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
concentration range of their instrument should prepare calibra-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion solutions based upon that knowledge.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 This guide is based upon simple graphical or mathemati-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cal ratio interpolations of instrument response between calibra-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion points. For this reason, the criterion for “curve linearity” is
2. Referenced Documents conservative in order to minimize the error introduced by a
linear approximation to, or manual graphing of, a markedly
2.1 ASTM Standards:
curvilinear response. Other methods of relating concentration
E 50 Practice for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Precau-
to instrument response (such as, microprocessor curve-fitting
tions for Chemical Analysis of Metals
techniques) may be valid for concentrations higher than the
E 863 Practice for Describing Flame Atomic Absorption
limit posed by the “curve linearity” test in this guide. None of
Spectroscopy Equipment
these methods have been universally adopted and each method
E 1452 Practice for Preparation of Calibration Solutions for
that has been proposed achieves its highest precision only in
Spectrophotometric and Spectroscopic Atomic Analysis
dealing with certain cases. The methods given in this guide are
E 1812 Practice for Optimization of Flame Atomic Absorp-
universally applicable. If employed carefully, they will provide
tion Spectrometric Equipment
satisfactory precision and accuracy.
3. Significance and Use
4. Interferences
3.1 The precision and accuracy of atomic absorption analy-
4.1 Chemical and spectral interferences from sample matrix
ses are influenced by many factors. Most important of these
elements and solvent medium anions are common. The stan-
factors are the proper preparation of the test solutions, the
dard method that references this guide will have provided the
proper selection and preparation of calibration solutions, and
appropriate remedy: prechemical isolation of the analyte spe-
instrument-related factors, such as proper setting of instrument
cies, the addition of matrix-modifying reagents, or the speci-
parameters, the proper sequence of calibration and test solution
fication of special calibration procedures.
measurements, and correct interpretation of the instrument’s
4.2 Ionization of the analyte element in the flame is a
response. An ASTM method that refers to this guide specifies
frequent problem since only ground-state atoms are measured.
the procedures for preparation of test and calibration solutions.
If this effect is significant, the standard method that references
This guide gives the instrument-related procedures for using
this guide will have specified the addition of ionization
the atomic absorption spectrophotometer in the flame mode
suppressant or other means to minimize it.
and calculating the results.
5. Concentration Range
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-1 on Analytical
5.1 Prepare the reference and calibration solution as di-
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
rected in 7.1 and 7.2 and in accordance with Practice E 1452,
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices.
using as a guide the concentrations suggested in the standard
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published June 1998. Originally
e1
method.
published as E 1024 – 84. Last previous edition E 1024 – 84 (1994) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1024
5.2 Prepare the instrument and perform the instrument 8.1.1 Set the parameters to the values obtained in 6.1, light
performance checks according to Practice E 1812. the burner, and aspirate water until the instrument comes to
5.3 If the criteria for readability and linearity are met, the thermal equilibrium.
initial concentration range may be considered acceptable.
8.1.2 Aspirate a high-calibration solution and adjust param-
Proceed as directed in 6.1.5.
eters to obtain optimum absorption.
5.4 If adequate instrument response is not obtained, prepare
8.1.3 Aspirate the reference solution and adjust the instru-
a calibration solution to provide a higher concentration and
ment to zero. Aspirate the calibration solutions and make a
repeat 6.1 and 6.2. If the linearity criterion is not met, prepare
preliminary record of the readings.
dilute standard solutions to provide a concentration range
8.2 Aspir
...
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