ASTM D7321-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory Filtration
Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory Filtration
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The mass of particulates present in a fuel is a significant factor, along with the size and nature of the individual particles, in the rapidity with which fuel system filters and other small orifices in fuel systems can become plugged. This test method provides a means of assessing the mass of particulates present in a fuel sample.
5.2 The test method can be used in specifications and purchase documents as a means of controlling particulate contamination levels in the fuels purchased.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of particulate contamination in B100 biodiesel in accordance with Specification D6751 and BXX blends that are prepared against all No. 1 and No. 2 grade fuels allowed within Specifications D396 and D975.
Note 1: Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38 °C have been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been filtered through inadequately bonded or grounded glass fiber filter systems. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of static electricity formation and discharge.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7321 − 16
StandardTest Method for
Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock
Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory
1
Filtration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemassof 3.1 Definitions:
particulatecontaminationinB100biodieselinaccordancewith 3.1.1 biodiesel, n—fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of
SpecificationD6751andBXXblendsthatarepreparedagainst long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal
all No. 1 and No. 2 grade fuels allowed within Specifications fats, designated B100.
D396 and D975.
3.1.2 biodiesel blend, BXX, n—blend of biodiesel fuel with
petroleum based biodiesel fuel.
NOTE 1—Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38°C have
been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been
3.1.3 bond, v—to connect two parts of a system electrically
filtered through inadequately bonded or grounded glass fiber filter
bymeansofaconductivewiretoeliminatevoltagedifferences.
systems. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of static
3.1.4 ground, v—to connect electrically with earth.
electricity formation and discharge.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 filtered flushing fluids, n—any of three solvents,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. methanol, propan-2-ol (isopropanol), or 2,2,4-
trimethylpentane, filtered through a nominal 0.45µm filter.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 glass fiber filter, n—glass fiber filter used in this test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
method.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 B100 Biodiesel Blend Stock Filtration:
4.1.1 Ameasuredvolumeofabout400mLofbiodieselester
2. Referenced Documents
(B100) is vacuum filtered through one 0.7µm glass fiber filter.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Ifuponvisualinspectionparticulatecontaminationisobserved,
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
thismayresultinahighfiltrationtime.Insuchcases,whenthe
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
contaminationishighorofanaturethatinducesslowfiltration
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
rates, two or more filtrations using a fresh filter each time may
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
be required to complete filtration in a reasonable time.
Petroleum Products
4.1.2 After the filtration has been completed, the filter is
D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
washed with solvent, dried, and weighed. The particulate
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
contamination level is determined by the mass gained by the
D6751Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
glass fiber filter, and is reported in units of grams per cubic
for Middle Distillate Fuels
metre or its equivalent in milligrams per litre.
4.2 BXX Biodiesel Blend Filtration:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4.2.1 A measured volume of about 800mL of biodiesel
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
blend (BXX) is vacuum filtered through one 0.7µm glass fiber
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
filter. If upon visual inspection particulate contamination is
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally
observed,thismayresultinahighfiltrationtime.Insuchcases,
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7321–14. DOI:
10.1520/D7321-16.
whenthecontaminationishighorofanaturethatinducesslow
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
filtration rates, two or more filtrations using a fresh filter each
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
time may be required to complete filtration in a reasonable
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. time.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7321 − 16
4.2.2 After the filtration has been completed, the filter is 6.1.5 Vacuum System,eitherawateraspiratedoramechani-
washed with solvent, dried, and
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7321 − 14 D7321 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Test Method for Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100
Blend Stock Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by
1
Laboratory Filtration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of particulate contamination in B100 biodiesel in accordance with
Specification D6751 and BXX blends that are prepared against all No. 1 and No. 2 grade fuels allowed within Specifications D396
and D975.
NOTE 1—Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38 °C have been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been filtered
through inadequately bonded or grounded glass fiber filter systems. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of static electricity formation and
discharge.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 biodiesel, n—fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,
designated B100.
3.1.2 biodiesel blend, BXX, n—blend of biodiesel fuel with petroleum based biodiesel fuel.
3.1.3 bond, v—to connect two parts of a system electrically by means of a conductive wire to eliminate voltage differences.
3.1.4 ground, v—to connect electrically with earth.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 filtered flushing fluids, n—any of three solvents, methanol, propan-2-ol (isopropanol), or 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, filtered
through a nominal 0.45 μm 0.45 μm filter.
3.2.2 glass fiber filter, n—glass fiber filter used in this test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014June 1, 2016. Published July 2014August 2016. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 as
ε1
D7321 – 11D7321 – 14. . DOI: 10.1520/D7321-14.10.1520/D7321-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7321 − 16
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 B100 Biodiesel Blend Stock Filtration:
4.1.1 A measured volume of about 400 mL 400 mL of biodiesel ester (B100) is vacuum filtered through one 0.7 μm 0.7 μm glass
fiber filter. When If upon visual inspection particulate contamination is observed, this may result in a high filtration time. In such
cases, when the contamination is high or of a nature that induces slow filtration rates, two or more filtrations using a fresh filter
each time may be required to complete filtration in a reasonable time.
4.1.2 After the filtration has been completed, the filter is washed with solvent, dried, and weighed. The particulate contamination
level is determined by the mass gained by the glass fiber filter, and is reported in units of grams per cubic metre or its equivalent
in milligrams per litre.
4.2 BXX Biodiesel Blend Filtration:
4.2.1 A measured volume of about 800 mL 800 mL of biodiesel blend (BXX) is vacuum filte
...
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