ASTM C1293-20a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of concrete aggregates and hydroxyl ions (1).5 The concentration of hydroxyl ion within the concrete is predominantly controlled by the concentration of sodium and potassium (2).
4.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the potential of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag to expand deleteriously due to any form of alkali-silica reactivity (3, 4).
4.3 When testing an aggregate with pozzolan or slag, the results are used to establish minimum amounts of the specific pozzolan or slag needed to prevent deleterious expansion. Pozzolan or slag from a specific source can be tested individually or in combination with pozzolan or slag from other sources.
4.4 When selecting a sample or deciding on the number of samples for test, it is important to recognize the variability in lithology of material from a given source, whether a deposit of sand, gravel, or a rock formation of any origin. For specific advice, see Guide C295/C295M.
4.5 This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior of aggregates in portland cement concrete with an alkali (alkali metal oxide) content of 5.25 kg/m3 or in concrete containing pozzolan or slag with an alkali content proportionally reduced from 5.25 kg/m3 Na2O equivalent by the amount of pozzolan or slag replacing portland cement. This test method assesses the potential for deleterious expansion of concrete caused by alkali-silica reaction, of either coarse or fine aggregates, from tests performed under prescribed laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from field conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be duplicated due to differences in concrete alkali content, wetting and drying, temperature, other factors, or combinations of these (5).
4.6 Results of tests conducted on an aggregate as described herein should form a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautions sho...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1293 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-
1
Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
gregates
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sus-
C138/C138MTestMethodforDensity(UnitWeight),Yield,
ceptibilityofanaggregateorcombinationofanaggregatewith
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica
C143/C143MTest Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
Concrete
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
C157/C157MTest Method for Length Change of Hardened
standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the
C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTest
requirements of the referenced standard.
Specimens in the Laboratory
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the C294Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
crete Aggregates
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C295/C295MGuide for Petrographic Examination of Ag-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
gregates for Concrete
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. C490/C490MPractice for Use of Apparatus for the Deter-
(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
mination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste,
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon Mortar, and Concrete
2
prolonged exposure. )
C494/C494MSpecification for Chemical Admixtures for
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- Concrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- C702/C702MPractice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to Testing Size
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. C856/C856MPractice for Petrographic Examination of
Hardened Concrete
2. Referenced Documents
C989/C989MSpecification for Slag Cement for Use in
3
Concrete and Mortars
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1240Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
C29/C29MTest Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
Mixtures
and Voids in Aggregate
C1260Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Ag-
C33/C33MSpecification for Concrete Aggregates
gregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
C1778Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-
Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and
D75/D75MPractice for Sampling Aggregates
Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.50 on
Aggregate Reactions in Concrete. 4
2.2 CSA Standards:
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved
CSA A23.2-14APotential Expansivity of Aggregates (Pro-
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as C1293–20. DOI: 10.1520/
C1293-20A. cedure for Length Change due toAlkali-Aggregate Reac-
2
Section on Safety Precautions, “Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,”
tion in Concrete Prisms at 38 °C)
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,
the ASTM website. Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1293 − 20a
CSA A23.2-27AStandard Practice to Identify Degree of of aggregate with the tested amount of pozzolan or slag is
Alkali-Reactivity ofAggr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1293 − 20 C1293 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-
1
Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan
or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
When combined standards are cited, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements
of the referenced standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns
2
to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
C295/C295M Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete
C490/C490M Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
Concrete
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C856/C856M Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
C1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.50 on Aggregate
Reactions in Concrete.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020June 1, 2020. Published February 2020July 2020. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20182020 as
C1293 – 18a.C1293 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/C1293-20.10.1520/C1293-20A.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, “Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1293 − 20a
C1778 Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
4
2.2 CSA Standards:
CSA A23.2-14A Potential Expansivity of Aggregates (Procedure for Length Change due to Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in
Concrete Prisms at 38 °C)
CSA A23.2-27A Standard Practice to Identi
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1293 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-
1
Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
gregates
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sus-
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
ceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
Concrete
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
requirements of the referenced standard.
Specimens in the Laboratory
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the crete Aggregates
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C295/C295M Guide for Petrographic Examination of Ag-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- gregates for Concrete
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C490/C490M Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Deter-
(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic mination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste,
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon
Mortar, and Concrete
2
prolonged exposure. ) C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Concrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical to Testing Size
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C856/C856M Practice for Petrographic Examination of
Hardened Concrete
2. Referenced Documents
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
3
Concrete and Mortars
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
Mixtures
and Voids in Aggregate
C1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Ag-
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
gregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
C1778 Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-
Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.50 on
4
Aggregate Reactions in Concrete.
2.2 CSA Standards:
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published July 2020. Originally approved
CSA A23.2-14A Potential Expansivity of Aggregates (Pro-
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as C1293 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/
cedure for Length Change due to Alkali-Aggregate Reac-
C1293-20A.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, “Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,”
tion in Concrete Prisms at 38 °C)
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,
the ASTM website. Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1293 − 20a
CSA A23.2-27A Standard Practice to Identify Degree of of aggregate with the tested amount of pozzolan or slag is
Alkali-Reactivity of Aggregates and to Identify Measures potentially alkali-reactive. Supplemental information shou
...
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