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ASTM D4874-95(2006)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Leaching Solid Material in a Column Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Leaching Solid Material in a Column Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to provide an aqueous leaching of a material in a dynamic partitioning manner.
Specific operating conditions for the column can be selected to satisfy the objectives of individual studies. An understanding of the fundamental principles governing column leaching is necessary in the selection of appropriate conditions. References (1-3)4 provide useful information on these principles.
The column apparatus is constructed of materials that permit the generation of a leachate which is suitable for low concentration organic analysis for semivolatile and nonvolatile compounds as well as inorganic species.
FIG. 1 Column Apparatus
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standard laboratory procedure for generating aqueous leachate from materials using a column apparatus. It provides a leachate suitable for organic analysis of semivolatile and nonvolatile compounds as well as inorganic analyses.
1.2 The column apparatus is designed and constructed of materials chosen to enhance the leaching of low concentrations of semivolatile and nonvolatile organic constituents as well as to maximize the leaching of metallic species from the solid. Analysis of column effluent provides information on the leaching characteristics of material under the conditions used in the test.
1.3 This test method provides for the passage of an aqueous fluid through materials of known mass in a saturated up-flow mode.
1.4 It is intended that the sample used in the procedure be physically, chemically, and biologically representative of the material.
1.5 This test method does not produce results that can be used as the sole basis for (1) engineering design of a disposal site, or (2) the characterization of wastes based on their leaching characteristics.
1.6 This test method has the following limitations
1.6.1 Maximum particle size is 10 mm (0.4 in.). Particle size reduction is not recommended. Large-diameter material (cinders, rocks, and so forth) should be removed prior to packing the column to ensure adequate compaction.
1.6.2 Test materials containing densely immiscible organic material may result in phase separation and lead to column plugging.
1.6.3 This test method does not differentiate between dissolved constituents and sub-70-m particulates that pass through the pores of the end plates.
1.6.4 This test method is not applicable to the leachability characterization of materials with regard to volatile compounds.
1.6.5 This test method is not applicable to the characterization of materials that dissolve in water to a degree that significantly impacts the void volume in the column or the determination of the specific gravity of the material.
1.7 Application of this test method to materials with initial low permeability, or to those that lose permeability over the course of the test, may result in long testing periods.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are in approximate inch-pound equivalents.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2006
ICS
13.030.40 - Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.04 - Waste Leaching Techniques
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4874-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Leaching Solid Material in a Column Apparatus
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Effective Date
01-May-2006

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ASTM D4874-95(2006) - Standard Test Method for Leaching Solid Material in a Column ApparatusASTM D4874-95(2006) - Standard Test Method for Leaching Solid Material in a Column Apparatus
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ASTM D4874-95(2006) - Standard Test Method for Leaching Solid Material in a Column Apparatus
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4874 − 95(Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Method for
1
Leaching Solid Material in a Column Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6.4 This test method is not applicable to the leachability
characterization of materials with regard to volatile com-
1.1 This test method is a standard laboratory procedure for
pounds.
generating aqueous leachate from materials using a column
1.6.5 This test method is not applicable to the characteriza-
apparatus.Itprovidesaleachatesuitablefororganicanalysisof
tion of materials that dissolve in water to a degree that
semivolatile and nonvolatile compounds as well as inorganic
significantly impacts the void volume in the column or the
analyses.
determination of the specific gravity of the material.
1.2 The column apparatus is designed and constructed of
1.7 Application of this test method to materials with initial
materials chosen to enhance the leaching of low concentrations
low permeability, or to those that lose permeability over the
of semivolatile and nonvolatile organic constituents as well as
course of the test, may result in long testing periods.
to maximize the leaching of metallic species from the solid.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Analysis of column effluent provides information on the
standard. The values given in parentheses are in approximate
leaching characteristics of material under the conditions used
inch-pound equivalents.
in the test.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 This test method provides for the passage of an aqueous
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fluid through materials of known mass in a saturated up-flow
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mode.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.4 It is intended that the sample used in the procedure be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
physically, chemically, and biologically representative of the
2. Referenced Documents
material.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.5 This test method does not produce results that can be
C819 Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Carbon or
used as the sole basis for (1) engineering design of a disposal
3
Graphite (Withdrawn 1987)
site, or (2) the characterization of wastes based on their
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
leaching characteristics.
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
1.6 This test method has the following limitations:
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
1.6.1 Maximumparticlesizeis10mm(0.4in.).Particlesize
kN-m/m ))
reduction is not recommended. Large-diameter material
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
(cinders, rocks, and so forth) should be removed prior to
Water Pycnometer
packing the column to ensure adequate compaction.
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
1.6.2 Test materials containing densely immiscible organic
tivity of Water
material may result in phase separation and lead to column
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
plugging.
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
1.6.3 This test method does not differentiate between dis- D1498 Test Method for Oxidation-Reduction Potential of
solved constituents and sub-70-µm particulates that pass Water
through the pores of the end plates. D1888 MethodsOfTestforParticulateandDissolvedMatter
3
in Water (Withdrawn 1989)
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Leaching Techniques. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4874 – 95(2001). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D4874-95R06. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4874 − 95 (2006)
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water 3.1.2 void volume—the volume between the solid particles
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass in a bed of granular material. Also cal
...

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4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.  
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4.5 This test method has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.  
4.6 This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both major and minor (trace) constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions be taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.  
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1.3 If the sole application of the test method is such a pass/fail comparison and a total analysis of the waste demonstrates that individual analytes are not present in the waste, or that the chosen acceptance concentration levels could not possibly be exceeded, the test method need not be run.  
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1.1 This practice covers typical equipment and methods for collecting samples of unconsolidated solids in drums or similar containers. These methods are adapted specifically for sampling drums having a volume of 110 U.S. gal (416 L) or less. These methods are applicable to hazardous material, product, or waste. Specific sample collection and handling requirements should be described in the site-specific work plan.  
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4.1 This guide is suitable for sampling heterogeneous wastes.  
4.2 The focus of this guidance is on wastes; however, the approach described in this guide may be applicable to non-waste populations as well.  
4.3 Sections 5 – 10 describe a guide for the sampling of heterogeneous waste according to project objectives. Appendix X1 describes an application of the guide to heterogeneous wastes. The user is strongly advised to read Annex A1 prior to reading and employing Sections 5 – 10 of this guide.  
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1.1 This guide is a practical, nonmathematical discussion for heterogeneous waste sampling strategies. This guide is consistent with the particulate material sampling theory as well as inferential statistics, and may serve as an introduction to the statistical treatment of sampling issues.  
1.2 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling procedures, nor does it serve as a guide to any specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure appropriate procedures are used.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5658-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Waste from Trucks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use in the waste management industries to collect samples of unconsolidated waste from trucks. The sampling procedures described are general and should be used in conjunction with a site-specific work plan.  
5.2 The purpose of collecting waste samples directly from a truck (rather than the waste source) is often to verify (usually with screening analyses) that the waste contained in the truck is the same or similar material from a waste source that has been previously characterized and approved for treatment or disposal, or both. Additionally, it may be a safer or logistically easier to sample the waste from a truck over the waste source.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers several methods for collecting waste samples from trucks. These methods are adapted specifically for sampling unconsolidated solid wastes in bulk loads using several types of sampling equipment.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for specific precautionary statements.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4982-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Flammability Potential Screening Analysis of Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in identifying the flammability potential or waste materials. In addition to the test methods described here, flash points specific to liquid waste can be determined according to Test Method D8174 or D8175.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are used to indicate the fire-producing or fire-sustaining potential of wastes. The following test methods can be applied to waste liquids, sludges, or solids:    
Sections  
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8 – 10  
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11 and 12  
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1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.4 These test methods are designed and intended as preliminary tests to complement quantitative analytical techniques that are useful to determine flammability. These test methods offer the option and the ability to screen waste for hazardous flammability potential when the analytical techniques are not available or the total waste composition is unknown.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 6, 9.3.1, and 10.4.3.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5058-12(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
8.1 This practice is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in determining the compatibility of hazardous wastes before they are commingled.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover assessment of the compatibility/reactivity of waste. The individual practices are as follows:    
Sections  
Practice A—Commingled Waste Compatibility  
8 – 12  
Practice B—Polymerization Potential (Reaction with  
Triethylamine)  
13 – 18  
Practice C—Water Compatibility  
19 – 25  
1.2 These practices are applicable to waste liquids, sludges, semi-solids, and solids.  
1.3 These practices are designed and intended as a preliminary or supplementary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that should be used to determine waste composition and compatibilities. This standard offers the user the option and the ability to screen wastes for potentially hazardous reactions when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown, and to screen compatibility when the composition is known. (Warning—Delayed or slow reactions of wastes may go unnoticed.)  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard and warning statements, see Sections 1.3, 6.1, 10, 11.2.3, 11.5.2, 16, and 23.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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