ASTM D5402-06(2011)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs
Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Coatings that chemically change during the curing process, such as epoxies, vinyl esters, polyesters, alkyds and urethanes, become more resistant to solvents as they cure. These coatings should reach specific levels of solvent resistance prior to being topcoated and prior to placing in service; the levels of solvent resistance necessary vary with the type of coating and the intended service. Rubbing with a cloth saturated with the appropriate solvent is one way to determine when a specific level of solvent resistance is reached. However, the level of solvent resistance by itself does not indicate full cure and some coatings become solvent resistant before they become sufficiently cured for service.
The time required to reach a specific level of solvent resistance can be influenced by temperature, film thickness, air movement and, for water-borne or water-reactive coatings, humidity.
The test solvent's effect upon the coating varies with coating type and solvent used. The coating manufacturer may specify the solvent, the number of double rubs, and the specific test results needed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a solvent rub technique for assessing the solvent resistance of an organic coating that chemically changes during the curing process. This technique can be used in the laboratory, in the field, or in the fabricating shop. Test Method D4752 is the preferred method for ethyl silicate zinc-rich primers.
1.2 This practice does not specify the solvent, number of double rubs, or expected test results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Consult the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for specific hazard information relating to the solvent used.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5402 − 06 (Reapproved2011)
Standard Practice for
Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings
Using Solvent Rubs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4752 Practice for Measuring MEK Resistance of Ethyl
Silicate (Inorganic) Zinc-Rich Primers by Solvent Rub
1.1 This practice describes a solvent rub technique for
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
assessing the solvent resistance of an organic coating that
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
chemically changes during the curing process. This technique
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
can be used in the laboratory, in the field, or in the fabricating
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
shop. Test Method D4752 is the preferred method for ethyl
silicate zinc-rich primers.
3. Terminology
1.2 This practice does not specify the solvent, number of
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
double rubs, or expected test results.
3.1.1 double rub, n—the act of rubbing a cloth in one
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
complete forward and back motion over a coated surface.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Significance and Use
only.
4.1 Coatings that chemically change during the curing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
process, such as epoxies, vinyl esters, polyesters, alkyds and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
urethanes, become more resistant to solvents as they cure.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
These coatings should reach specific levels of solvent resis-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tance prior to being topcoated and prior to placing in service;
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Consult the
the levels of solvent resistance necessary vary with the type of
supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet for specific hazard
coating and the intended service. Rubbing with a cloth satu-
information relating to the solvent used.
rated with the appropriate solvent is one way to determine
whenaspecificlevelofsolventresistanceisreached.However,
2. Referenced Documents
the level of solvent resistance by itself does not indicate full
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cure and some coatings become solvent resistant before they
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
become sufficiently cured for service.
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
4.2 The time required to reach a specific level of solvent
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
resistance can be influenced by temperature, film thickness, air
D740 Specification for Methyl Ethyl Ketone
movement and, for water-borne or water-reactive coatings,
D843 Specification for Nitration Grade Xylene
humidity.
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
D4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of
4.3 The test solvent’s effect upon the coating varies with
Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-
coating type and solvent used. The coating manufacturer may
Sectioning Means
specify the solvent, the number of double rubs, and the specific
test results needed.
5. Materials and Equipment
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
5.1 Solvent:
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
5.1.1 Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), conforming to Specifi-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally
cation D740,or
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5402 - 06 (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/D5402-06R11.
5.1.2 Mineral Spirits, conforming to Specification D235,or
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1.3 Xylene, conforming to Specification D843,or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.4 Other Solvents, as specified by the coating manufac-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. turer or user.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5402 − 06 (2011)
5.2 100 % Cotton, Shop Cloth or Cheesecloth. Cheesecloth hardness and visual changes in appearance, comparing the
is for coil coatings, mesh grade 28 by 24. Approximately 300 rubbed area with an adjacent unrubbed area. Gloss and
by 300 mm (12 by 12 in.) and contrasting in color to the hardness will tend to return to initial values as the recovery
coating being evaluated, or other mutually agreed upon cloth. timeincreases.Thefollowingmethodsmaybeusedtoevaluate
the solvent-rubbed area: gloss may be measured in accordance
5.3 Proper Safety Equipment, as determined from the sol-
with Test Method D523; pencil hardness with Test Method
vent MSDS, for example, solvent resistant gloves, respirator.
D3363; film thickness of the rubbed area by the same method
used in 6.3 (allow up to 24 h for the coating to recover before
6. Procedure
measuring film thickness).
Method A (Standard Method)
NOTE 2—It may be difficult to measure film thickness and gloss in the
narrow solvent-rubbed area of the panel.
6.1 If the testing is being performed in a laboratory setting,
before actually testing the specimens, perform a sufficient
Method B (Coil Coater’s Method)
number of double rubs with the index finger covered with a
6.9 This Method is similar to Method A except with the
cotton cloth on a laboratory balance such that 1000 to 2000 g
following changes:
of force is constantly being applied. This is the amount of
6.9.1 For testing in a laboratory setting, us a balance to
pressure the operator will apply when testing the specimens,
check the pressure applied with a finger using the procedure in
and will be considered as being moderate pressure.
6.1. Note the amount of pressure required to apply 2000 to
6.2 Select areas on the coated surface at least 150-mm
3000 g of force. This will be considered to be moderate to
(6-in.)longonwhichtorunthetests.Cleanthesurfacewithtap
heavy pressure.
water to remove any loose material and allow to dry.
6.9.2 Use the same procedure as in 6.2 except select an area
6.3 Measure the dry-film thickness of the coating in the 200 mm (8 in.) long.
6.9.3 Use the same procedure as in 6.3 except mark off an
selected areas in accordance with Test Methods D4138 or
area 200 mm (8 in.) long.
Practice D7091. Mark a 150- by 25-mm (6- by 1-in.) rectan-
6.9.4 Use the same procedure in 6.4.
gular test area on the undamaged, cleaned surface using a
6.9.5 Use the procedure in 6.5 except rub at the rate of 100
pencil or other suitable solvent resistant marker.
double rubs per min.
6.4 Fold the cotton cloth into a pad of double thickness and
6.9.6 Use the procedure in 6.6.
saturate it to a dripping wet condition with the specified
6.9.7 Usetheprocedurein6.7exceptforthefollowingnote:
solvent. Do not allow more than 10 s to elapse before
NOTE 3—If fatigue sets in, making it difficult to maintain the 2000 to
proceeding to the next steps.
3000 g force, stop testing until fatigue is gone.
6.5 Place the properly protected index finger into the center
6.9.8 Use the procedure in 6.8.
of the pad while holding excess cloth with the thumb and
NOTE 4—It is known that some operators have used cotton swabs or an
remaining fingers of the same hand. With the index finger at a
object of consistent weight (such as a ball peen hammer) to perform
45° angle to the test surface, rub the rectangular test area with
solvent double rubs. It was determined in an interlaboratory study that
moderate pressure first away from the operator and then back
these alternative methods produce results that are more variable than
towardstheoperator.Usetheamountofpressuredeterminedin
re
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