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ASTM D5402-06

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs

Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Coatings that chemically change during the curing process, such as epoxies, vinyl esters, polyesters, alkyds and urethanes, become more resistant to solvents as they cure. These coatings should reach specific levels of solvent resistance prior to being topcoated and prior to placing in service; the levels of solvent resistance necessary vary with the type of coating and the intended service. Rubbing with a cloth saturated with the appropriate solvent is one way to determine when a specific level of solvent resistance is reached. However, the level of solvent resistance by itself does not indicate full cure and some coatings become solvent resistant before they become sufficiently cured for service.
The time required to reach a specific level of solvent resistance can be influenced by temperature, film thickness, air movement and, for water-borne or water-reactive coatings, humidity.
The test solvent’effect upon the coating varies with coating type and solvent used. The coating manufacturer may specify the solvent, the number of double rubs, and the specific test results needed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a solvent rub technique for assessing the solvent resistance of an organic coating that chemically changes during the curing process. This technique can be used in the laboratory, in the field, or in the fabricating shop. Test Method D 4752 is the preferred method for ethyl silicate zinc-rich primers.
1.2 This practice does not specify the solvent, number of double rubs, or expected test results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Consult the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for specific hazard information relating to the solvent used.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2006
ICS
25.220.60 - Organic coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.46 - Industrial Protective Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5402-93(1999) - Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D5402-06(2011) - Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs
Effective Date
01-Aug-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3276-21 - Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7868-21 - Standard Practice for Determining the Dry Fall (Fog) Properties of Protective Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7270-07(2021) - Standard Guide for Environmental and Performance Verification of Factory-Applied Liquid Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4752-20 - Standard Practice for Measuring MEK Resistance of Ethyl Silicate (Inorganic) Zinc-Rich Primers by Solvent Rub
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7835/D7835M-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Solvent Resistance of an Organic Coating Using a Mechanical Rubbing Machine
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5498-12a(2018) - Standard Guide for Developing a Training Program for Personnel Performing Coating and Lining Work Inspection for Nuclear Facilities
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006

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ASTM D5402-06 - Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent RubsASTM D5402-06 - Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs
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ASTM D5402-06 - Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5402–06
Standard Practice for
Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings
1
Using Solvent Rubs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4752 Test Method for Measuring MEK Resistance of
Ethyl Silicate (Inorganic) Zinc-Rich Primers by Solvent
1.1 This practice describes a solvent rub technique for
Rub
assessing the solvent resistance of an organic coating that
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
chemically changes during the curing process. This technique
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
can be used in the laboratory, in the field, or in the fabricating
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
shop. Test Method D4752 is the preferred method for ethyl
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
silicate zinc-rich primers.
1.2 This practice does not specify the solvent, number of
3. Terminology
double rubs, or expected test results.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.1 double rub, n—the act of rubbing a cloth in one
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
complete forward and back motion over a coated surface.
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Coatings that chemically change during the curing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
process, such as epoxies, vinyl esters, polyesters, alkyds and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
urethanes, become more resistant to solvents as they cure.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Consult the
These coatings should reach specific levels of solvent resis-
supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet for specific hazard
tance prior to being topcoated and prior to placing in service;
information relating to the solvent used.
the levels of solvent resistance necessary vary with the type of
coating and the intended service. Rubbing with a cloth satu-
2. Referenced Documents
2 rated with the appropriate solvent is one way to determine
2.1 ASTM Standards:
whenaspecificlevelofsolventresistanceisreached.However,
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
the level of solvent resistance by itself does not indicate full
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
cure and some coatings become solvent resistant before they
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
become sufficiently cured for service.
D740 Specification for Methyl Ethyl Ketone
4.2 The time required to reach a specific level of solvent
D843 Specification for Nitration Grade Xylene
resistance can be influenced by temperature, film thickness, air
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
movement and, for water-borne or water-reactive coatings,
D4138 PracticesforMeasurementofDryFilmThicknessof
humidity.
Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-
4.3 The test solvent’s effect upon the coating varies with
Sectioning Means
coating type and solvent used. The coating manufacturer may
specify the solvent, the number of double rubs, and the specific
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
test results needed.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
5. Materials and Equipment
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
5.1 Solvent:
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5402 - 93 (1999).
DOI: 10.1520/D5402-06.
5.1.1 Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), conforming to Specifi-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cation D740,or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.2 Mineral Spirits, conforming to Specification D235,or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.1.3 Xylene, conforming to Specification D843,or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5402–06
5.1.4 Other Solvents, as specified by the coating manufac- rubbed area with an adjacent unrubbed area. Gloss and
turer or user. hardness will tend to return to initial values as the recovery
5.2 100 % Cotton, Shop Cloth or Cheesecloth. Cheesecloth timeincreases.Thefollowingmethodsmaybeusedtoevaluate
is for coil coatings, mesh gra
...

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5.1 Many coatings used in the coil coating and other industries achieve a degree of solvent resistance after they have experienced a bake condition characterized by exposure to elevated temperatures in an oven over time. Insufficient bake, or occasionally over bake, may affect the intended chemical bonds or physical curing of the film and result in reduced solvent resistance.  
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5.1 Many coating properties are markedly affected by the film thickness of the dry film such as adhesion, flexibility, wear, durability, chemical resistance, and hardness. To be able to compare results obtained by different operators, it is essential to measure film thickness carefully.  
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5.1 Pencil hardness measurements have been used by the coatings industry for many years to determine the hardness of clear and pigmented organic coating films. This test method has also been used to determine the cure of these coatings, especially when using forced dried heat.  
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Note 1: Other procedures are available to measure permanent deformation of organic coatings under the action of a single point (stylus tip) including but not limited to Test Methods D2197, D5178, and G171.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Stresses in coatings arise as a result of their shrinkage or expansion if expected movements are prevented by coating adhesion to its substrate.  
5.2 There are several causes leading to arrival of stresses in the coatings: film formation (cross-linking, solvent evaporation, etc.); differences in thermal expansion coefficients between coating and substrate; humidity and water absorption; environmental effects (ultraviolet radiation, temperature and humidity), and others.  
5.3 Knowledge of the internal stresses in coatings is very important because they may effect coating performance and service life. If the internal stress exceeds the tensile strength of the film, cracks are formed. If stress exceeds adhesion between coating and substrate, it will reduce adhesion and can lead to delamination of coatings. Quantitative information about stresses in coatings can be useful in coating formulation and recommendations for their application and use.  
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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measurements of internal stresses in organic coatings by using the cantilever (beam) method.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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5.1 Tensile properties determined by this method are of value in studying the behavior of coatings subjected to environmental stresses, such as those produced by aging and weathering. (See Refs. (1-10).)4  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elongation, tensile strength, and stiffness (modulus of elasticity) of organic coatings when tested as free films.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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