ASTM E1151-93(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
Standard Practice for Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
ABSTRACT
This practice deals primarily with identifying the terms and relationships of those techniques that use ion exchange chromatography to separate mixtures and a conductivity detector to detect the separated components. However, most of the terms should also apply to ion chromatographic techniques that employ other separation and detection mechanisms. The apparatus to be used in the chromatography shall consist of syringe pumps, reciprocating pumps, pneumatic pumps, septum injectors, valve injectors, precolumns, concentrator columns, guard columns, separating columns, suppressor columns, conductivity suppressors, membrane suppressors, micromembrane suppressor, bulk property detectors, and solute property detectors. Chemical reagents to be used in the chemical analysis shall be of four kinds: mobile phase, stationary phase, solid support, and column packing materials. The stationary phase has two types which are the liquid phase and interactive solid phase material. Totally porous packing and pellicular packing are the two types of column packing materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice deals primarily with identifying the terms and relationships of those techniques that use ion exchange chromatography to separate mixtures and a conductivity detector to detect the separated components. However, most of the terms should also apply to ion chromatographic techniques that employ other separation and detection mechanisms.
1.2 Because ion chromatography is a liquid chromatographic technique, this practice uses, whenever possible the terms and relationships identified in Practice E682.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1151 − 93 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
1
Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ionic or ionizable compounds. Of the many useful separation
and detection schemes, those most widely used have been the
1.1 This practice deals primarily with identifying the terms
two techniques described in 3.2 and 3.3 in which ion exchange
and relationships of those techniques that use ion exchange
separation is combined with conductimetric detection. By
chromatographytoseparatemixturesandaconductivitydetec-
describing only these two techniques, this practice does not
tor to detect the separated components. However, most of the
mean to imply that IC is tied only to ion exchange chroma-
termsshouldalsoapplytoionchromatographictechniquesthat
tography or conductimetric detection.
employ other separation and detection mechanisms.
3.2 Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography, (Dual
1.2 Because ion chromatography is a liquid chromato-
Column Ion Chromatography)—Inthistechnique,samplecom-
graphic technique, this practice uses, whenever possible the
ponents are separated on a low capacity ion exchanger and
terms and relationships identified in Practice E682.
detected conductimetrically. Detection of the analyte ions is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
enhanced by selectively suppressing the conductivity of the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
mobile phase through post separation ion exchange reactions.
standard.
3.3 Single Column Ion Chromatography, (Electronically
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Suppressed Ion Chromatography)—In this technique sample
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
componentsareseparatedonalowcapacityionexchangerand
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
detected conductimetrically. Generally, lower capacity ion
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
exchangers are used with electronic suppression than with
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
chemical suppression. Mobile phases with ionic equivalent
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
conductancesignificantlydifferentfromthatofthesampleions
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
andalowelectrolyticconductivityareused,permittinganalyte
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ion detection with only electronic suppression of the baseline
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
conductivity signal.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Pumps—Any of various machines that deliver the mo-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bile phase at a controlled flow rate through the chromato-
E682Practice for Liquid Chromatography Terms and Rela-
graphic system.
tionships
4.1.1 Syringe Pumps, having a piston that advances at a
controlled rate within a cylinder to displace the mobile phase.
3. Descriptions of Techniques
4.1.2 Reciprocating Pumps, having one or more chambers
3.1 Ion Chromatography, (IC)—a general term for several
from which mobile phase is displaced by reciprocating pis-
liquid column chromatographic techniques for the analysis of
ton(s)ordiaphragm(s).Thechambervolumeisnormallysmall
compared to the volume of the column.
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This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E13 on Molecular
4.1.3 Pneumatic Pumps, employing a gas to displace the
Spectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee E13.19 on Separation Science.
mobile phase either directly from a pressurized container or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
indirectly through a piston or collapsible container. The vol-
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1151–93 (2011).
ume within these pumps is normally large as compared to the
DOI: 10.1520/E1151–93R19.
2
volume of the column.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 Sample Inlet Systems, devices for introducing samples
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM webs
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