ASTM D2809-09(2017)

Standard Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics of Aluminum Pumps With Engine Coolants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to distinguish between coolants that contribute to cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion of aluminum automotive water pumps and those that do not. It is not intended that a particular rating number, as determined from this test, will be equivalent to a certain number of miles in a vehicle test; however, limited correlation between bench and field service tests has been observed with single-phase coolants. Field tests under severe operating conditions should be conducted as the final test if the actual effect of the coolant on cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion is to be appraised. It is also possible, with proper control of the test variables, to determine the effect of pump design, materials of construction, and pump operating conditions on cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion damage.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion characteristics of aluminum automotive water pumps with coolants.  
Note 1: During the development of this test method, it was found that results obtained when testing two-phase coolants did not correlate with results from field tests. Therefore, the test method cannot be recommended as being a significant test for determining cavitation effects of two-phase coolants.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 5.2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2017
• ICS: 23.080 - Pumps
• Technical Committee: D15 - Engine Coolants and Related Fluids
• Drafting Committee: D15.09 - Simulated Service Tests

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2809 − 09 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics
of Aluminum Pumps With Engine Coolants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2809; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
Pump test stand (7 drawings and Bill of Materials)
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the cavitation
corrosion and erosion-corrosion characteristics of aluminum
3. Summary of Test Method
automotive water pumps with coolants.
3.1 This test method consists of pumping an aqueous
NOTE 1—During the development of this test method, it was found that
coolant solution at 113°C (235°F) through a pressurized
results obtained when testing two-phase coolants did not correlate with
103-kPa (15-psig) simulated automotive coolant system (Note
resultsfromfieldtests.Therefore,thetestmethodcannotberecommended
2).An aluminum automotive water pump, driven at 4600 r/min
as being a significant test for determining cavitation effects of two-phase
coolants.
by an electric motor, is used to pump the solution and to serve
as the object specimen in evaluating the cavitation erosion-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
corrosion effect of the coolant under test. The pump is
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
examined to determine the extent of cavitation erosion-
only.
corrosion damage and is rated according to the system given in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Table 1. Photographs of typical eroded pumps after testing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
appear in the Appendix.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 2—Tests run at other than 113 °C (235 °F) might show more or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
less cavitation depending upon the coolant formulation.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
statements are given in 5.2.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 This test method can be used to distinguish between
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
coolants that contribute to cavitation corrosion and erosion-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
corrosion of aluminum automotive water pumps and those that
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
do not. It is not intended that a particular rating number, as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
determined from this test, will be equivalent to a certain
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
number of miles in a vehicle test; however, limited correlation
between bench and field service tests has been observed with
2. Referenced Documents
single-phase coolants. Field tests under severe operating con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ditions should be conducted as the final test if the actual effect
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
of the coolant on cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion is
tions of Engine Coolants orAntirusts forTesting Purposes
to be appraised. It is also possible, with proper control of the
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
testvariables,todeterminetheeffectofpumpdesign,materials
ASTM Test Methods
of construction, and pump operating conditions on cavitation
corrosion and erosion-corrosion damage.
5. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1 PumpTestStand—Detaileddrawingsareavailable. The
D15.09 on Simulated Service Tests.
copper, brass, and bronze flow circuit is illustrated in Fig. 1.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originally
approved in 1969 as D2809–69T. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
D2809-09. DOI: 10.1520/D2809-09R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Detail drawings of this apparatus and accompanying table of parts are available
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2809. Original
the ASTM website. adjunct produced in 1985.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2809 − 09 (2017)
A, B
TABLE 1 Rating System If relatively large amounts of corrosive water are needed for testing, a
concentratemaybepreparedbydissolvingtentimestheaboveamountsof
Rating Condition
the three chemicals, in distilled or deionized water, and adjusting the total
10 No corrosion or erosion present; no metal loss. No change from origi-
volume to 1 L by further additions of distilled or deionized water. When
nal casting configuration. Staining permitted.
needed, the corrosion water concentrate is diluted to the ratio of one part
9 Minimal corrosion or erosion. Some rounding of sharp corners or light
smoothing or both, or polishing of working surfaces. by volume of concentrate to nine parts of distilled or deionized water.
8 Light corrosion or erosion may be generalized on working
surfaces. Dimensional change not to exceed 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.). 7. Sampling
7 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 0.8 mm
1 7.1 The coolant concentration shall be sampled in accor-
( ⁄32 in.). Random pitting to 0.8 mm permitted.
6 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 0.8 mm.
dance with Practice D1176.
Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits, or scalloping, or
both, within 0.8 mm dimensional change limit permitted.
8. Procedure
5 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm
( ⁄16 in.). Small localized areas of metal removal in
8.1 Before each test is begun, clean the test apparatus as
high-impingement regions or random pits to 1.6 mm permitted.
follows:
4 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm.
8.1.1 Remove and replace all hose (hose shall not be used
Small localized areas of metal removal in high-impingement regions,
clusters of pits within 1.6 mm dimensional change. Random pits to 2.4
for more than one test), set the throttling valve to full open
mm ( ⁄32 in.) permitted.
position, and install a standard automative water pump as the
3 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 2.4 mm.
flushing pump to circulate cleaning solution.
Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits or scalloping, or
both, permitted.
8.1.2 Fill the system with a solution made of 162 g (5.7 oz)
2 Corrosion or erosion with any dimensional change over 2.4 mm, and 5
of detergent in 17 L (18 qt) of cool tap water. (The total
short of pump case failure.
capacity of the system is approximately 17.5 L (18.5 qt).)
1 Pump case leaking due to corrision or erosion.
A Reduce the pump speed to approximately 2675 r/min to
If placement in a rating group is uncertain or border-line, elevate the rating to the
higher of the two groups in question.
minimizeheatbuildup.Startthepumpandcirculatefor15min.
B
Ratings 1 to 3 are dependent on pump-wall thickness and are intended to be
Drain.
used as relative ratings for tests using a given pump.
8.1.3 Fill with tap water. Start the pump and circulate for 5
min. Drain. Perform this operation three times.
The apparatus should be assembled upon a suitable platform or
NOTE 5—This cleaning procedure supercedes one using chromic acid,
structure, with provisions for mounting controls and gages. a recognized hazard. A Subcommittee D15.09 task force is currently
qualifying this cleaning procedure.
5.2 Warning—The entire stand should be screened or
8.1.4 Fill the system with a cleaning solution containing
housed to protect personnel from hazardous scalding coolant
73.5gofoxalicaciddihydrateand52.5gofcitricacidperlitre
in case of rupture in the pump, hose, or tubing. All belts and
of water. (These chemicals may be technical grade.)
pulleys should be properly shielded.
8.1.5 Raise the temperature to 82°C (180°F) with the pump
5.3 Test Pump—Standard aluminum automotive water
operatingatapproximately2675r/minandtheheateron.When
pump and engine front cover assemblies shall be used. The
the temperature is reached, turn off the heater. Circulate the
samemakeandmodelmustbeusedthroughoutaseriesoftests
cleaning solution for 1 h. (If the temperature rises above 90°C
when tests are conducted to evaluate coolants.
(194°F), cool the system with the fan.) Drain the system.
8.1.6 Repeat step 8.1.3.
NOTE 3—If it is desired to evaluate pumps on this test apparatus, a
coolan
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2809 − 09 D2809 − 09 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics
of Aluminum Pumps With Engine Coolants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2809; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion characteristics of aluminum
automotive water pumps with coolants.
NOTE 1—During the development of this test method, it was found that results obtained when testing two-phase coolants did not correlate with results
from field tests. Therefore, the test method cannot be recommended as being a significant test for determining cavitation effects of two-phase coolants.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 5.2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
Pump test stand (7 drawings and Bill of Materials)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 This test method consists of pumping an aqueous coolant solution at 113°C (235°F) through a pressurized 103-kPa (15-psig)
simulated automotive coolant system (Note 2). An aluminum automotive water pump, driven at 4600 r/min by an electric motor,
is used to pump the solution and to serve as the object specimen in evaluating the cavitation erosion-corrosion effect of the coolant
under test. The pump is examined to determine the extent of cavitation erosion-corrosion damage and is rated according to the
system given in Table 1. Photographs of typical eroded pumps after testing appear in the Appendix.
NOTE 2—Tests run at other than 113°C (235°F)113 °C (235 °F) might show more or less cavitation depending upon the coolant formulation.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method can be used to distinguish between coolants that contribute to cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion
of aluminum automotive water pumps and those that do not. It is not intended that a particular rating number, as determined from
this test, will be equivalent to a certain number of miles in a vehicle test; however, limited correlation between bench and field
service tests has been observed with single-phase coolants. Field tests under severe operating conditions should be conducted as
the final test if the actual effect of the coolant on cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion is to be appraised. It is also possible,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.09 on
Simulated Service Tests.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009April 1, 2017. Published December 2009April 2017. Originally approved in 1969 as D2809–69T. Last previous edition approved
ε1
in 20042009 as D2809–04-09. . DOI: 10.1520/D2809-09.10.1520/D2809-09R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Detail drawings of this apparatus and accompanying table of parts are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2809. Original adjunct
produced in 1985.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2809 − 09 (2017)
AA, B,B
TABLE 1 Rating System
Rating Condition
10 No corrosion or erosion present; no metal loss. No change from origi-
nal casting configuration. Staining permitted.
9 Minimal corrosion or erosion. Some rounding of sharp corners or light
smoothing or both, or polishing of working surfaces.
8 Light corrosion or erosion may be generalized on working
surfaces. Dimensional change not to exceed 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.).
7 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 0.8 mm
( ⁄32 in.). Random pitting to 0.8 mm permitted.
6 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 0.8 mm.
Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits, or scalloping, or
both, within 0.8 mm dimensional change limit permitted.
5 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm
( ⁄16 in.). Small localized areas of metal removal in
high-impingement regions or random pits to 1.6 mm permitted.
4 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm.
Small localized areas of metal removal in high-impingement regions,
clusters of pits within 1.6 mm dimensional change. Random pits to 2.4
mm ( ⁄32 in.) permitted.
3 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 2.4 mm.
Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits or scalloping, or
both, permitted.
2 Corrosion or erosion with any dimensional change over 2.4 mm, and
short of pump case failure.
1 Pump case leaking due to corrision or erosion.
A
If placement in a rating group is uncertain or border-line, elevate the rating to the
higher of the two groups in question.
B
Ratings 1 to 3 are dependent on pump-wall thickness and are intended to be
used as relative ratings for tests using a given pump.
with proper control of the test variables, to determine the effect of pump design, materials of construction, and pump operating
conditions on cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion damage.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Pump Test Stand—Detailed drawings are available. The copper, brass, and bronze flow circuit is illustrated in Fig. 1. The
apparatus should be assembled upon a suitable platform or structure, with provisions for mounting controls and gages.
FIG. 1 Aluminum Pump Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Test Stand
D2809 − 09 (2017)
5.2 Warning—The entire stand should be screened or housed to protect personnel from hazardous scalding coolant in case of
rupture in the pump, hose, or tubing. All belts and pulleys should be properly shielded.Warning— The entire stand should be
screened or housed to protect personnel from hazardous scalding coolant in case of rupture in the pump, hose, or tubing. All belts
and pulleys should be properly shielded.
5.3 Test Pump—Standard aluminum automotive water pump and engine front cover assemblies shall be used. The same make
and model must be used throughout a series of tests when tests are conducted to evaluate coolants.
NOTE 3—If it is desired to evaluate pumps on this test apparatus, a coolant of a known level of cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion protection
should be used.
6. Test Solution
6.1 The test coolant is prepared by adding one part engine coolant concentrate to five parts corrosive water by volume. The
water shall contain 100 ppm each of sulfate, chloride, and bicarbonate ions, added as sodium salts.
NOTE 4—The specified corrosive water can be prepared by dissolving the following amounts of reagent grade anhydrous sodium salts in a quantity
of distilled or deionized water:
sodium sulfate 148 mg
sodium chloride 165 mg
sodium bicarbonate 138 mg
The resulting solution should be made up to a volume of 1 L with distilled or deionized water at 20°C.20 °C.
1984 Buick pump GM #25527536 and engine front cover GM 25515465 shall be designated as test standards. The pump gasket is GM #1358410, and the gasket at the
back of the front engine cover is GM #25519994. In the event that GM #25527536 is not available, AC Delco 12307821 or Master CP1018 may be used.
D2809 − 09 (2017)
If relatively large amounts of corrosive water are needed for testing, a concentrate may be prepared by dissolving ten times the above amounts of the
three chemicals, in distilled or deionized water, and adjusting the total volume to 1 L by further additions of distilled or deionized water. When needed,
the corrosion water concentrate is diluted to the ratio of one part by volume of concentrate to nine parts of distilled or deionized water.
7. Sampling
7.1 The coolant concentration shall be sampled in acco
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