ASTM E1549-95(2000)e1

Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations

SCOPE
1.1 This document specifies special items of clothing (cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace products from electrostatic discharge and from contaminants released by personnel and garments. Special clothing includes low linting coveralls, footwear, and head covers.
1.2 The function of cleanroom garments is to contain the contaminants generated by people and to minimize contaminants from the garments.
1.3 Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments. Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to prevent electrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware or initiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. The material specified for "hazardous environments" is flame resistant and provides additional protection to the wearer. Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on the user's needs with respect to functional and environmental requirements.
1.4 Additional, background information can be found in SD-TR-91-26 and IES-RP-CC003.2.
1.5 This standard is intended to be in compliance with the ASTM policy on Fire Standards Flammability tests specified in this standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of fabrics in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fabrics under actual fire conditions. However, results of the tests may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of operations in controlled environment areas.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information purposes only but are hard conversions.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 24-Jul-2000
• ICS: 61.020 - Clothes
• Technical Committee: E21 - Space Simulation and Applications of Space Technology
• Drafting Committee: E21.05 - Contamination

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1549-06 - Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E2352-19 - Standard Practice for Aerospace Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments—Cleanroom Operations
• Effective Date: 25-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E2312-11(2019) - Standard Practice for Tests of Cleanroom Materials
• Effective Date: 25-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E2042/E2042M-09(2021) - Standard Practice for Cleaning and Maintaining Controlled Areas and Clean Rooms
• Effective Date: 25-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1548-09(2022) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Aerospace Contamination Control Plans
• Effective Date: 25-Jul-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: E 1549 – 95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Specification for
ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and
Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous
and Hazardous Operations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1549; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—TobringSubcommitteeE21.05’sexistingstandardsintocompliancewithPartHofASTM’sFormandStyleManual,
the M designation has been editorially removed in July 2000.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This document specifies special items of clothing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace products
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fromelectrostaticdischargeandfromcontaminantsreleasedby
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
personnel and garments. Special clothing includes low linting
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
coveralls, footwear, and head covers.
standard. The values in parentheses are for information pur-
1.2 The function of cleanroom garments is to contain the
poses only but are hard conversions.
contaminants generated by people and to minimize contami-
nants from the garments.
1.3 Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments.
2. Referenced Documents
Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to prevent
2.1 ASTM Standards:
electrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware or
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
initiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. The
D 204 Test Methods for Sewing Threads
material specified for “hazardous environments” is flame
D 1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven
resistant and provides additional protection to the wearer.
Fabrics
Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on the
D 1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of
user’s needs with respect to functional and environmental
Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
requirements.
E 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
1.4 Additional, background information can be found in
rials
SD-TR-91-26 and IES-RP-CC003.2.
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1.5 This standard is intended to be in compliance with the
2 E 535 Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Stan-
ASTM policy on Fire Standards. Flammability tests specified
dards
in this standard should be used to measure and describe the
E 1560 TestMethodforGravimetricDeterminationofNon-
properties of fabrics in response to heat and flame under
volatile Residue from Cleanroom Wipers
controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to
F 51 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulate
describe or appraise the fabrics under actual fire conditions.
Contaminant In and On Clean Room Garments
However, results of the tests may be used as elements of a fire
F 739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing
risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors
Materials to Permeation By Liquids or Gases Under
which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of
Condition of Continuous Contact
operations in controlled environment areas.
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E-21 on Space
Simulation andApplications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination. Withdrawn. See 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
published as E 1549 – 93. Last previous edition E 1549 – 93. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
2 7
ASTM Fire Test Standards, 4th Edition, Dec. 1993, available on request from Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
19428–2959. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1549
FED-SPEC-191 Textile Test Method 3.2.1 cleanroom, n—an area in which the airborne particle
FED STD A-A 50195 Thread Aramid concentrations,temperature,humidity,molecularspecies,pres-
FED-STD-209E AirborneParticulateCleanlinessClassesin
sure, activities, and other environmental parameters are con-
Cleanrooms and Clean Zones trolled, as required, to produce acceptable products.
FED-STD-751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The use of HEPA, or better, filters are
2.3 U.S. Department of Defense:
usually required for the incoming air, and the maximum
MIL-C-43122E Cloth, Sateen, Cotton, Flame Retardant
allowable airborne particle concentrations are specified in
Treated
accordance with FED-STD-209.
MIL-C-43339D Coveralls, Industrial: Lint-Free, 7 Nov.
3.2.2 electrostatic discharge, ESD, n—a high voltage elec-
trical discharge that occurs when electrical charges accumulate
MIL-W-43685B Webbing and Tape, Textile, Aramid Fiber,
on or in materials as a result of friction between materials.
20 Sept. 1989
3.2.3 fiber, n—a particle with a length to diameter ratio of
SD-TR-89-63 Standard Methods for Measurement of Non-
ten or more. (See textile fibers.)
volatile Residue on Surfaces, E. N. Borson, E. J.Watts, G.
3.2.4 gloss, n—a shiny or lustrous appearance resulting
A. To; U.S. Air Force, Space Systems Division, 10 Aug.
1989 fromthetendencyofasurfacetoreflectlightatoneanglemore
than at others.
SD-TR-91-26 Garment Selection for Cleanrooms and Con-
trolled Environments for Spacecraft, E. J. Watts, U.S. Air
3.2.5 HEPA(high effıciency particulate air) filter, n—afilter
Force, Space Systems Division, 1 April 1991
for air with a removal efficiency in excess of 99.97 % for
AGMC/MAQC-335c “Personnel Garments, Electrostatic
0.3-µm particles.
Discharge (ESD) Requirements for the Protection of ESD
3.2.6 NVR (nonvolatile residue), n—quantity of residual
Sensitive Items
soluable, suspended, and particulate matter remaining after the
2.4 NASA:
controlled evaporation of a volatile liquid at a specified
MMA-1985-79, Revision 2, Standard Test Method for
temperature.
Evaluating Triboelectric Charge Generation and Decay
3.2.6.1 Discussion—The liquid is usually filtered through a
GP-1098 STS Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance
membrane filter, of a specified size, before evaporation. The
Ground Safety Plan, Launch Complex 39, KSC Industrial
15 process used to determine the NVR may affect the quantitative
Area
measurement. Process factors include filter size, solvent, and
NHB 8060.1 C, NASA Handbook, Flammability, Odor,
the evaporation temperature and atmosphere. For this reason,
Offgassing, and Compatibility Requirements and Test
the process must be defined.The NVR of fabrics is determined
Procedures for Materials in Environments that Support
by extracting a specified quantity of fabric using a specified
Combustion, April 2, 1991, Upward Flame Propagation
16 solvent. The solvent is then evaporated to determine the NVR
Test (Test 1)
extracted from the fabric. See extractable matter, 3.3.7, which
2.5 Others:
is frequently used to describe NVR in fabrics.
NFPA #702-1980 Standard for Classification of the Flam-
3.2.7 particle, n—a solid or liquid object generally between
mability of Wearing Apparel
IES-RP-CC-003.2 Garments Required In Cleanrooms And 0.001 and 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
Controlled Environment Areas
3.2.8 U.S. Customary Units System, USCS, n—The system
of units in common use in the United States. This is frequently
3. Terminology
called the “inch-pound system.”
3.1 Terminology related to textiles is based on Terminology
3.3 Fabric Definitions:
D 123. Terminology related to fire safety is based on Termi-
3.3.1 count, n—in woven textiles, the number of warp yarns
nology E 176.
(ends) and filling yarns (picks) per unit distance as counted
3.2 General Definitions:
while the fabric is held under zero tension and is free of folds
and wrinkles.
3.3.2 Dacront, n—DuPont registered trademark for its
Available from U.S. General Services Administration, Washington, DC. polyester fiber.
Available from U.S. Natick Research Development and Engineering Center,
3.3.3 Delrint, n—DuPont trade name for a crystalline form
Natick, MA 07160-5014.
of polymerized formaldehyde.
Reprints available from TheAerospace Corporation Library, P.O. Box 92957,
El Segundo, CA 90009.
3.3.4 denier, n—a direct numbering system for expressing
Aerospace Guidance and Metrology Center, U.S. Air Force, Neward AFS,
linear density, equal to the mass in grams per 9000 m of yarn,
Ohio, 22 Feb. 1989.
filament, fiber, or other textile strand.
NASA Kennedy Space Center, Materials Testing Branch, 15 July 1988.
NASA Kennedy Space Center.
3.3.5 drycleaning, n—cleaning fabrics in a substantially
Office of Safety and Mission Quality (Code QR), NASA Headquarters,
nonaqueous liquid medium.
Washington, DC 20546.
Available from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park,
3.3.5.1 Discussion—Perchloroethylene is typically used.
Quincy, MA 02269.
3.3.6 end, n—an individual warp yarn (single or ply) or
Available from the Institute of Environmental Sciences, 940 E. Northwest
Highway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056. cord.
E 1549
3.3.7 extractable matter, n—nonfibrous material in or on a 3.3.19 sewn seam, n—a juncture of which two or more
textile, not including water, which is removable by a specified planar structures such as textile fabrics, are joined by sewing,
solvent or solvents, as directed in a specified procedure. See usually near the edge.
NVR, 3.2.6.
3.3.20 static dissipative fabric, n—an inherently static con-
3.3.8 textile fiber, n—(1) general—a generic term for the trolfabricwithsurfaceresistivitybetween10 ohmspersquare
various types of matter that form the basic elements of textile
and not more than 10 ohms per square.
fabrics and other textile structures.
3.3.21 stitch, n—in sewn seams,therepeatedunitformedby
(2) specific—a unit of matter that is characterized by having the sewing thread(s) in the production of seams.
a length at least 100 times its diameter or width and which can
3.3.22 Teflont, n—DuPont trade name for tetrafluoroethyl-
be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by interlacing in a
enepolymerfiber.Itischemicallyresistantanddoesnotabsorb
variety of methods, including knitting, braiding, felting, and
moisture.
twisting.
3.3.23 twill weave, n—a weave characterized by diagonal
3.3.9 filament, n—a variety of fiber having extreme length,
lines produced by a series of floats staggered in the warp
not readily measured.
direction. Floats are normally formed by the filling (a filling-
3.3.9.1 Discussion—Synthetic fibers formed from man-
faced twill).
made and natural polymers are in this class.
3.3.24 warp, n—(1) the yarn running lengthwise in a woven
3.3.10 filling, n—yarn running from selvage to selvage at
fabric. (2) a group of yarns in long lengths and approximately
right angles to the warp in a woven fabric.
parallel, put on beams or warp reels for further textile process-
3.3.11 float, n—the portion of a warp or filling yarn that
ing including weaving, knitting, twisting, dyeing, and so forth.
extends unbound over two or more filling or warp yarns.
3.3.25 woven fabric, n—a structure produced when at least
3.3.12 laundering, n—a process used to refurbish a textile
twosetsofstrandsareinterlaced,usuallyatrightanglestoeach
product by (1) cleaning it in water containing a detergent or
other, according to a predetermined pattern of interlacing, and
surfactant and (2) drying it.
such that at least one set is parallel to the axis along the
3.3.12.1 Discussion—Laundering for cleanroom garments lengthwise direction of the fabric.
requires the use of water, cleaning agents, environmental
3.3.26 yarn, n—a generic term for a continuous strand of
control, and packaging so that the garments are compatible
textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for
with the final product cleanliness requirements.
knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile
3.3.13 lint, n—fiber fragments abraded from textile materi- fabric.
als; also loose short fibers or fluff.
3.3.27 yarn number, n—a measure of the fineness or size of
3.3.14 -Nomext, n—a synthetic aramid fiber manufactured
a yarn expressed either as mass per unit length (direct system)
by DuPont that meets the requirements of NASA Handbook,
or as length per unit mass (indirect system).
NHB 8060.1C, Test 1 for flame retardancy.
3.3.27.1 Discussion—The kg/m (denier) system is a direct
3.3.15 nylon, n—a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-
one, and denotes the linear density of the yarn.
formingsubstanceisalongchainsyntheticpolyamideinwhich
3.4 Fire Safety Definitions:
less than 85 % of the amide linkages,
3.4.1 flame, n—a hot, usually luminous, zone of gas that is
—C—NH—
undergoing combustion.
||
3.4.1.1 Discussion—The luminosity of a flame is frequently
O (1)
caused by the presence of glowing particulate matter sus-
are attached directly to two aromatic rings. pended in the hot gases.
3.3.16 polyester, n—a manufactured fiber in which the 3.4.2 flame resistance, n—the ability to withstand flame
fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer impingement or give protection from it.
composedofatleast85 %byweightofanesterofasubstituted
3.4.2.1 Discussion—Textiles are tested in accordance with
aromatic carboxylic acid, including but not restricted to sub-
the National Fire Protection Association Standard #702-1980,
stituted terephthalate units,
under the classification of wearing apparel.
3.4.3 hazardous, adj—of or involving danger of injury or
p ~—R—O—C—C H —C—O—!
6 4
|| || loss of life resulting from exposure to a potentially dangerous
O O (2)
environment.
3.4.3.1 Discussion—The primary hazard of concern in this
and para substituted hydroxy-benzoate units,
specification is the protection of personnel from flame.
p —R—O—C H —C—O—!
~
6 4
||
4. Garment Requirements
O (3)
4.1 General:
3.3.17 porosity, n—the ratio of the volume of air or void
4.1.1 Apparel worn in environmentally controlled facilities
contained within the boundaries of a material to the total
shall be functional and job oriented.
volume (solid matter plus air or void) expressed as a percent-
...