iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E794-06(2018)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Melting And Crystallization Temperatures By Thermal Analysis

Standard Test Method for Melting And Crystallization Temperatures By Thermal Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis provide a rapid method for determining the fusion and crystallization temperatures of crystalline materials.  
5.2 This test is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of melting (and crystallization) temperatures of pure materials by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to thermally stable materials with well-defined melting temperatures.  
1.3 The normal operating range is from −120 to 600°C for DSC and 25 to 1500°C for DTA. The temperature range can be extended depending upon the instrumentation used.  
1.4 Computer or electronic based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to those in this test method may be used.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2018
ICS
17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
Technical Committee
E37 - Thermal Measurements
Drafting Committee
E37.01 - Calorimetry and Mass Loss
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E1142-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Refers
ASTM E1142-14b - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Refers
ASTM E473-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014

Buy Standard

ASTM E794-06(2018) - Standard Test Method for Melting And Crystallization Temperatures By Thermal AnalysisASTM E794-06(2018) - Standard Test Method for Melting And Crystallization Temperatures By Thermal Analysis
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E794-06(2018) - Standard Test Method for Melting And Crystallization Temperatures By Thermal Analysis
English language
4 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E794 − 06 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Melting And Crystallization Temperatures By Thermal
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E794; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E793Test Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystalliza-
tion by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
1.1 This test method describes the determination of melting
E967Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
(and crystallization) temperatures of pure materials by differ-
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential ThermalAna-
ential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal
lyzers
analysis (DTA).
E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to thermally
stable materials with well-defined melting temperatures.
3. Terminology
1.3 The normal operating range is from −120 to 600°C for
3.1 Definitions—Specialized terms used in this test method
DSCand25to1500°CforDTA.Thetemperaturerangecanbe
are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142.
extended depending upon the instrumentation used.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 Computer or electronic based instruments, techniques,
ordatatreatmentequivalenttothoseinthistestmethodmaybe
4.1 The test method involves heating (or cooling) a test
used.
specimen at a controlled rate in a controlled environment
throughtheregionoffusion(orcrystallization).Thedifference
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
in heat flow (for DSC) or temperature (for DTA) between the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
test material and a reference material due to energy changes is
standard.
continuously monitored and recorded. A transition is marked
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by absorption (or release) of energy by the specimen resulting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in a corresponding endothermic (or exothermic) peak in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
heating (or cooling) curve.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 1—Enthalpies of fusion and crystallization are sometimes deter-
minedinconjunctionwithmeltingorcrystallizationtemperaturemeasure-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
ments. These enthalpy values may be obtained by Test Method E793.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry and differential ther-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
malanalysisprovidearapidmethodfordeterminingthefusion
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and crystallization temperatures of crystalline materials.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 This test is useful for quality control, specification
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
acceptance, and research.
E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
ology
6. Interferences
6.1 Test specimens need to be homogeneous, since milli-
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
gram quantities are used.
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calo-
rimetry and Mass Loss.
6.2 Toxic or corrosive effluents, or both, may be released
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally
when heating the material and could be harmful to personnel
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E794–06 (2012).
and to apparatus.
DOI: 10.1520/E0794-06R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7. Apparatus
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 7.1 Apparatus shall be of either type listed below:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E794 − 06 (2018)
7.1.1 Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) or Differen- sentative specimen for the determination. Liquid samples may
tial Thermal Analyzer (DTA)—The essential instrumentation be sampled directly after mixing.
required to provide the minimum d
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E473-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.  
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.  
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five years.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1356-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid test method for determining changes in specific heat capacity in a homogeneous material. The glass transition is manifested as a step change in specific heat capacity. For amorphous and semicrystalline materials the determination of the glass transition temperature may lead to important information about their thermal history, processing conditions, stability, progress of chemical reactions, and mechanical and electrical behavior.  
5.2 This test method is useful for research, quality control, and specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the assignment of the glass transition temperatures of materials using differential scanning calorimetry or differential thermal analysis.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to amorphous materials or to partially crystalline materials containing amorphous regions, that are stable and do not undergo decomposition or sublimation in the glass transition region.  
1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from −120 °C to 500 °C. The temperature range may be extended, depending upon the instrumentation used.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 ISO standards 11357–2 is equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2041-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Estimating Kinetic Parameters by Differential Scanning Calorimeter Using the Borchardt and Daniels Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This test method is useful in research and development.  
6.2 The determination of the appropriate model for a chemical reaction or transformation and the values associated with its kinetic parameters may be used in the estimation of reaction performance at temperatures or time conditions not easily tested. This use, however, is not described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the kinetic parameters of activation energy, Arrhenius pre-exponential factor, and reaction order using the Borchardt and Daniels2 treatment of data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. This test method is applicable to the temperature range from 170 K to 870 K (−100 °C to 600°C).  
1.2 This treatment is applicable only to smooth exothermic reactions with no shoulders, discontinuous changes, or shifts in baseline. It is applicable only to reactions with reaction order n ≤ 2. It is not applicable to acceleratory reactions and, therefore, is not applicable to the determination of kinetic parameters for most thermoset curing reactions or to crystallization reactions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2603-15(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calibration of Fixed-Cell Differential Scanning Calorimeters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fixed-cell differential scanning calorimeters are used to determine the transition temperatures and energetics of materials in solution. For this information to be accepted with confidence in an absolute sense, temperature and heat calibration of the apparatus or comparison of the resulting data to that of known standard materials is required.  
5.2 This practice is useful in calibrating the temperature and heat flow axes of fixed-cell differential scanning calorimeters.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calibration of fixed-cell differential scanning calorimeters over the temperature range from –10 °C to +120 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal conductivity is a useful design parameter for the rate of heat transfer through a material.  
5.2 The results of this test method may be used for design purposes, service evaluation, manufacturing control, research and development, and hazard evaluation. (See Practice E1231.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of thermal conductivity of homogeneous, non-porous solid materials in the range of 0.10 W/(K·m) to 1.0 W/(K·m) by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimeter. This range includes many polymeric, glass, and ceramic materials. Thermal diffusivity, which is related to thermal conductivity through specific heat capacity and density, may also be derived. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity can be determined at one or more temperatures over the range of 0 °C to 90 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1142-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties

SCOPE
1.1 This is a compilation of only those terms and corresponding definitions included in or being considered for inclusion in ASTM documents relating to thermophysical properties. It is not intended as an all-inclusive listing of thermophysical property terms. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion.  
1.3 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field (such as dynamic mechanical measurements) are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2009-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Oxidation Onset Temperature of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oxidation onset temperature is a relative measure of the degree of oxidative stability of the material evaluated at a given heating rate and oxidative environment (e.g., oxygen); the higher the OOT value the more stable the material. The OOT is described in Fig. 1. The OOT values can be used for comparative purposes and are not an absolute measurement, like the oxidation induction time (OIT) at a constant temperature (see Test Method E1858). The presence or effectiveness of antioxidants may be determined by these test methods.
FIG. 1 DSC Oxidation (Extrapolated) Onset Temperature (OOT)  
5.2 Typical uses of these test methods include the oxidative stability of edible oils and fats (oxidative rancidity), lubricants, greases, and polyolefins.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry under linear heating rate conditions and are applicable to hydrocarbons, which oxidize exothermically in their analyzed form.  
1.2 Test Method A—A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure of one atmosphere of oxygen.  
1.3 Test Method B—A pressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high pressure (e.g., 3.5 MPa (500 psig) of oxygen).  
1.4 Test Method C—A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure of one atmosphere of air.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1970-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The standard deviation, or one of its derivatives, such as relative standard deviation or pooled standard deviation, derived from this practice, provides an estimate of precision in a measured value. Such results are ordinarily expressed as the mean value ± the standard deviation, that is, X ± s.  
5.2 If the measured values are, in the statistical sense, “normally” distributed about their mean, then the meaning of the standard deviation is that there is a 67 % chance, that is 2 in 3, that a given value will lie within the range of ± one standard deviation of the mean value. Similarly, there is a 95 % chance, that is 19 in 20, that a given value will lie within the range of ± two standard deviations of the mean. The two standard deviation range is sometimes used as a test for outlying measurements.  
5.3 The calculation of precision in the slope and intercept of a line, derived from experimental data, commonly is required in the determination of kinetic parameters, vapor pressure or enthalpy of vaporization. This practice describes how to obtain these and other statistically derived values associated with measurements by thermal analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice details the statistical data treatment used in some thermal analysis methods.  
1.2 The method describes the commonly encountered statistical tools of the mean, standard derivation, relative standard deviation, pooled standard deviation, pooled relative standard deviation, the best fit to a (linear regression of a) straight line (or plane), and propagation of uncertainties for all calculations encountered in thermal analysis methods (see Practice E2586).  
1.3 Some thermal analysis methods derive the analytical value from the slope or intercept of a linear regression straight line (or plane) assigned to three or more sets of data pairs. Such methods may require an estimation of the precision in the determined slope or intercept. The determination of this precision is not a common statistical tool. This practice details the process for obtaining such information about precision.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2716-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetric measurements provide a rapid, simple method for determining specific heat capacities of materials, even under quasi-isothermal conditions.  
5.2 Specific heat capacities are important for design purposes, quality control, and research and development.  
5.3 The use of a stepped quasi-isothermal program may be used to follow structure changes in materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of specific heat capacity by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry. For the determination of specific heat capacity by a step-isothermal or multiple step-isothermal temperature program, the reader is referred to Test Method E1269.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to thermally stable solids and liquids.  
1.3 The normal operating range of the test is from (–100 to 600) °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and specimen holders used.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1782-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Vapor Pressure by Thermal Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vapor pressure is a fundamental thermophysical property of a liquid. Vapor pressure data are useful in process design and control, in establishing environmental regulations for safe handling and transport, for estimation of volatile organic content (VOC), and in deriving hazard assessments. Vapor pressure and boiling temperature data are required for Safety Data Sheets (SDS). The enthalpy of vaporization may also be estimated from the slope of the vapor pressure curve (see Practice E2071).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the vapor pressure of pure liquids or melts from boiling point measurements made using differential thermal analysis (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instrumentation operated at different applied pressures.  
1.2 This test method can be used for the temperature range 273 K to 773 K (0 °C to 500 °C) and for pressures between 0.2 kPa to 2 MPa. These ranges may differ depending upon the instrumentation used and the thermal stability of materials tested. Because a range of applied pressures is required by this test method, the analyst is best served by use of instrumentation referred to as high pressure differential thermal instrumentation (HPDSC or HPDTA).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See also IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off