ASTM E2322-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Conducting Traverse and Concentrated Load Tests on Panels used in Floor and Roof Construction
Standard Test Method for Conducting Traverse and Concentrated Load Tests on Panels used in Floor and Roof Construction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Transverse Load—The procedures outlined will serve to evaluate the performance of floor and roof segments for deflection, permanent set and ultimate capacity. Performance criteria based on data from these procedures can ensure structural adequacy and effective service.
Concentrated Load—This concentrated load test shall be used to evaluate surface indentation of structural framing members.
These procedures will serve to evaluate performance of roof and floor segments under simulated service conditions. Diaphragm shear loading of roof and floor segments shall be evaluated under Method E 455. Impact loading shall be evaluated under Test Methods E 661 or E 695.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of floor and roof constructions:SectionTest SpecimensLoadingDeformation MeasurementsReportPrecision and BiasTesting FloorsTransverse LoadConcentrated LoadTesting RoofsTransverse LoadConcentrated Load
1.2 Metric units (SI) are to be considered as the primary standard units.
1.3 These test methods serve to evaluate the performance of floors and roofs panels subjected to (1) Uniform loading, and (2) Concentrated static loading, which represent conditions sustained in the actual performance of the element. The standard is not intended for the evaluation of individual structural framing and/or supporting members (floor joist, rafters and trusses).
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This standard is not intended to cover concrete floor slabs.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E2322–03
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Transverse and Concentrated Load Tests on
Panels used in Floor and Roof Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
determining the structural properties of segments of floor and C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
roof constructions: Cement Mortars
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Section
Test Specimens 5
E72 Method of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for
Loading 6
Building Construction
Deformation Measurements 7
E 73 Method of Testing Truss Assemblies
Report 8
Precision and Bias 9
E 196 Practice for Gravity Load Testing of Floors and Low
Testing Floors
Slope Roofs
Transverse Load 10
Concentrated Load 11 E 455 Method for Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or
Testing Roofs
Roof Diaphragm Constructions for Buildings
Transverse Load 12
E 575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of
Concentrated Load 13
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-
1.2 Metric units (SI) are to be considered as the primary
semblies
standard units.
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
1.3 These test methods serve to evaluate the performance of
E 661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-
floors and roofs panels subjected to (1) Uniform loading, and
Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under Concentrated
(2) Concentrated static loading, which represent conditions
Static and Impact Loads
sustained in the actual performance of the element. The
E 695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance of
standard is not intended for the evaluation of individual
Wall, Floor, and Roof Constructions to Impact Loads
structural framing and/or supporting members (floor joist,
E 1592 Test Method for Structural Performance of Sheet
rafters and trusses).
Metal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static Air
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
Pressure Difference
whichprovideexplanatorymaterial.Thesenotesandfootnotes,
excludingthoseintablesandfigures,shallnotbeconsideredas 3. Terminology
requirements of the standard.
3.1 Definitions—Refer to E 631 for definitions of terms
1.5 This standard is not intended to cover concrete floor
used in these test methods.
slabs.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Transverse Load—Theproceduresoutlinedwillserveto
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
evaluate the performance of floor and roof segments for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
deflection, permanent set and ultimate capacity. Performance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
criteria based on data from these procedures can ensure
structural adequacy and effective service.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Struc- contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
tures. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2322–03
4.2 Concentrated Load—This concentrated load test shall deformation curves. Maintain complete load-deformation time
be used to evaluate surface indentation of structural framing records throughout the test. If application of a given load is
members. required for a certain period, such as 24 h, take deformation
4.3 These procedures will serve to evaluate performance of readings at the end of this period, to allow the satisfactory
roof and floor segments under simulated service conditions. plotting of a time-deformation curve for the complete period.
Diaphragm shear loading of roof and floor segments shall be
NOTE 1—Reason for the 5-min application of constant-level increment
evaluated under Method E 455. Impact loading shall be evalu-
loads are as follows:
ated under Test Methods E 661 or E 695.
(1) To permit the assembly to come to a substantial rest prior to taking
the second set of readings. (Depending on the method employed for
5. Test Specimens
applying the test load, it may be necessary to continue, at a reduced rate,
5.1 Specimens—There shall be at least three replicate speci- the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant load
level during the 5-min period.)
mens for each test. Specimens shall be constructed to represent
(2) To observe any time-dependent deformation or load redistribution,
sections of the floor, or roof assembly including the means of
or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependent
the attachment when the load direction is away from the
deformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayed
supports. The specimens shall be representative in width and
load-deformation curves. This load level may, under certain conditions,
length as to the material and workmanship. The test specimen
have an important bearing on the design load.
shall not be less than the width and length of the tributary load
(3) To be able to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to total
area under actual conditions. If the tributary load area for the
failure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of the
test specimen exceeds the test equipment, a reduced specimen
observations.
that is representative in proportional width and length shall be (4) To assure uniformity in test performance and consistency in test
results.
tested. Unsymmetrical assemblies shall be tested in each axis.
If the structural properties of a particular construction are to be
7. Deformation Measurements
compared with another construction, widths of the specimens
shall be of comparable size. 7.1 Measure the deformations with sufficient precision to
define the load-deformation relationship, and report at least to
5.2 Age—Constructions, which include concrete and ma-
sonry for which the structural properties depend upon the age the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).
of the specimen, shall be aged not less than what is indicated
by the manufacturer and/or national standard. The age of the 8. Report
specimen shall be recorded in the report.
8.1 Prepare the report in accordance with Recommended
Practice E 575.
6. Loading
6.1 Apparatus—The testing machine or load-measuring ap-
9. Precision and Bias
paratus shall comply with the requirements prescribed in
9.1 It is not possible to specify the precision of the proce-
PracticesE4.
dure in Test Method E 2322 for measuring these test methods
6.2 Application of Load—Apply the load to each individual
because of the variety of materials and combinations of
specimen in increments so that a sufficient number of readings
materials involved.
will be obtained to determine definitely the load-deformation
curve (see 6.3) using the following sequence:
TESTING FLOORS
6.2.1 Prior to testing, apply a small initial load not greater
than 5 % of the ultimate capacity load expected and hold for 5
10. Transverse Load—Floor
min (6 1 min) and then release. Zero all measuring devices
and begin the test. 10.1 Test Specimen(s)—Test specimen(s) shall be con-
structed in accordance with Section 5.
6.2.2 Record the initial load and deformation reading of the
specimenandthenincreasetheloadonthespecimentothefirst 10.2 Apparatus—The apparatus shall be capable of apply-
ing a uniform load (such as air bag load or vacuum load),
predetermined increment.
6.2.3 Record the load and deformation reading and release gravity load or two point load and shall conform to the
the load back to the initial load and then record the set of the requirementsprescribedin10.2.1through10.2.3ortheequiva-
specimen. lent.
6.2.4 Increase the load to the next predetermined increment 10.2.1 Uniform Load—Uniformly distributed loading is a
and record the information as indicated in the first load satisfactory test method. Uniformly distributed load shall be
increment above. Follow this sequence of loading and reading appliedbyairpressure,eitherinabagorinavacuumchamber.
for all predetermined load increment(s). 10.2.1.1 The bag method of loading is schematically shown
6.3 Duration of Load Application—After each increment of in Fig. 1. Connect a reaction platform parallel to the face to be
load is applied, maintain the load level as constant as possible loaded and wider than the specimen to the supports by tie rods.
for a period of 5 min (see Note 1). Take deformation readings Placeanairtightbagaswideasthespecimenandaslongasthe
as soon as practical after load application, at the end of the span between the specimen and the reaction platform. Apply
5-min period under constant load, and immediately and at the transverse load to the specimen by increasing the air pressure
end of the 5-min period after any partial or complete load in the bag. Measure the difference in pressure by means of a
release. Plot initial and 5-min readings in the form of load- manometer or other pressure measuring device. The error of
E2322–03
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Uniformly Distributed Transverse Load (Bag Method)
the pressure reading shall not exceed 1 % of the full-scale at a distance of one-quarter of the span from the supports,
reading. Deflection measurement shall be measured following
toward the middle of the span. For floor specimens tested
10.4. See Fig. 1.
horizontally(Fig.1),theloadonthespecimenshallincludethe
10.2.1.2 When the vacuum chamber method of loading is
weight of the specimen between the supports. Apply the
used, place the specimen near the test frame to create an
transverse loads to the upper (finish floor) face for three of the
airtight vacuum chamber. An airtight frame or curb shall
symmetrical specimens. For asymmetrical assemblies, the
surround the specimen closely and be flush with the upper
bottom face for three of the specimens must also be tested.
surface of the specimen. An air resistant blanket covers the
Deflection measurements shall be measured following 10.4.
specimen, overlaps the frame, and is sealed so that it is
See Fig. 3.
reasonably airtight. Use a vacuum pump or positive action
10.3 Loading Application—The application of load is found
exhaust blower to reduce air pressure between the specimen
in 6.2.The application of load shall be compatible with the test
and floor/wall. Measure the difference in pressure by means of
apparatus indicated in 10.2.
a manometer or other pressure measuring device. The error of
10.4 Deflection Measurement Device—The deflection mea-
the pressure reading shall not exceed 1 % of the full scale
surement device shall be compatible with the test apparatus
reading. Deflection measurement shall be conducted following
indicated in 10.2.Aframe shall be placed on the upper face of
10.4. See Fig. 2.
10.2.2 Gravity Load—Gravity load testing shall be con- the specimen in a manner such that the frame shall not deform
ducted in accordance with Practice E 196. as the specimen deforms under load.Two deflection measuring
10.2.3 Two Point Load—Thetwopoint(quarter-point)load-
devices, one near each longitudinal edge of the specimen, shall
ing method is used for transverse load tests. Test the specimen
be attached to the frame at the mid span.
as a simple beam (Fig. 3) on a span 150 mm (approximately 6
in.) less than the specimen length.Apply two equal loads, each
FIG. 2 Apparatus for Uniformly Distributed Transverse Load (Vacuum Bag)
E2322–03
FIG. 3 Quarter Point Loading
10.4.1 Method A—Deflection Measuring Device Top of shall be notched to permit placing the measuring device
Panel—Midspandeflectionshallbemeasuredonthetopofthe directly adjacent to the bar and shall be long enough to permit
panel. The deflection measurement should be referenced to the placing the supporting elements on undisturbed areas of the
panel deflection at the end supports. face of the specimen.
10.4.2 Method B—Deflection Measuring Device Bottom of
11.2.3 Loading Device—Any convenient means for apply-
Panel—Mid span deflection shall be measured on the bottom
ing a compressive load up to 5 kN (1100 lbf) and means for
of the panel. The deflection measurement should be referenced
measuring the load within 1 %. See Fig. 4.
to the panel deflection at the end supports.
11.3 Procedure:
10.5 Calculations and Report:
11.3.1 Loading—Place the entire specimen or portion of the
10.5.1 Load-Deflection Data—For each deflection measur-
specimen on a horizontal support and level the specimen.
ing device, calculate the deflection under a given load as the
Apply the loads on the face of the specimen. Place the steel bar
differencebetweenthereadingwhentheloadisappliedandthe
on the surface of the specimen at what is judged to be the
initial reading. Calculate the deflection of the specimen for the
weakest place and, also, at what is judged to be the strongest
spanastheaverageofthedeflectionsobtainedfromeachofthe
place.Applyaloadverticallydownwardtotheuppersurfaceof
measuring devices. Calculate the sets under the initial load by
the bar. Continue loading until maximum load or 4.45 kN
using a similar method. Record the maximum load for each
(1000 lbf) is attained on the steel bar. Application of load is
specimen.
found in 5.2.
10.5.2 Data Presentation—Report the results in the form of
11.3.2 Depth of Indentation—Measure the depth of inden-
a graph in accordance with Section 8.
tation, by means of the depth gage, and record the reading of
the gage to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.).
11. Concentrated Load—Floor
11.4 Calculations and Report:
11.1 Test Specimens—Tests shall be made on each of the
11.4.1 Depth of Indentation—Calculate the depth of inden-
transverse specimens after the transverse tests are completed.
tation (set) after a given load has been applied and the bar
11.2 Apparatus—The apparatus shall be assembled as
removed to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) as the difference
shown in Fig. 4 and shall conform to the requirements for
between the depth for that load and the initial rea
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