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ASTM E1535-93(1998)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems

Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to all anaerobic digestion systems.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1998
ICS
07.100.10 - Medical microbiology
Technical Committee
E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
Drafting Committee
E48.05 - Biomass Conversion
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1535-93(2006) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems (Withdrawn 2011)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM E1535-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion SystemsASTM E1535-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems
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ASTM E1535-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1535–93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method is applicable to all anaerobic digestion 5.1 This test method will yield data that will form a
systems. performance profile for an anaerobic digester facility. The
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the significance of this profile is that it can be compared directly to
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the another facility’s performance profile and yield a measurement
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- of expected facility performance under field conditions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.2 This test method will also yield data that can be used to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. verify the operation of a system to a regulatory agency.
5.3 The single black box technique applied to performance
2. Referenced Documents
evaluation examines only the overall input/output relationship.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
This implies that the operation of the facility during the tests
E 1126 Terminology Relating to Biomass Fuels will be conducted to achieve design conditions in accordance
2.2 Standard Methods (SM) for Analysis of Water and
with established procedures.
Wastewater:
6. Procedure
2540 D Total Suspended Solids
2720 B Sludge Digester Gas (Volume) 6.1 Conduct the test for a predetermined period mutually
+
4500 FNH Nitrogen (Ammonia) agreed upon by all parties participating in the testing program.
4500 B Nitrogen (Organic), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Start the test period when the system manufacturer determines
5210 B Biochemical Oxygen Demand that the system has reached normal operating conditions.
5220 B Chemical Oxygen Demand Record the time period between the initial loading of the
5520 D Oil and Grease system with waste and the start of the test period.Aminimum
test period of 90 days is suggested.
3. Terminology
6.2 Determine the influent and effluent concentrationsofthe
3.1 Definition—see Terminology E 1126. following, using the methods recommended, total suspended
+
3.1.1 biogas—a composition of methane and carbon diox-
solids (TSS) SM 2540 D, NH nitrogen (ammonia) (AN) SM
ide and minor constituents produced by the digestion of 4500 F, nitrogen (organic)-total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) SM
organic substrates in the absence of oxygen.
4500 B, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) SM 5210 B,
chemical oxygen demand (COD) SM 5220 B, and oil and
4. Summary of Test Method
grease (OG) SM 5520 D.The sampling frequency and location
4.1 This test method measures the concentration and mass
of sampling shall be mutually agreed upon by all parties
oftheinfluentandeffluentwastes,respectively,aswellasother
involved in the project. As a minimum, weekly sampling of a
operational parameters such as input energy, output gas pro-
composite sample of 24 h of influent and effluent is suggested.
duction, and waste biomass, to provide a methodology for
6.3 Measure the gas production continuously, using SM
evaluation of the operation of an aerobic digester.
2720 B, or equivalent. Analyze the gas compositions using a
gas chromatograph (GC) to determine the composition of CH .
1 The GC analysis frequency shall be mutually agreed upon by
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
Biotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass all parties participating in the testing program.
Conversion.
6.4 Measure the thermal energy input. The most common
Current edition approved March 15, 1993. Published May 1993.
method of thermal energy input is hot water supplied to the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
system using a heat exchanger. Monitor the energy input on a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on continuous basis by measuring the flow rate of hot water to the
the ASTM website.
system and the influent and effluent flow temperatures, using
Available from American Public Health Association, 1015 15th St. N.W.,
the reference procedures and equipment.
Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1535–93 (1998)
TABLE 2 Performance Calculation Procedures
6.5 Record the horsepower of any motors connected more
than 50 % of the time during a 24 h operation.
6.6 Record the weight of any material removed from the Calculation Results
system during the test period.
(1) Influent mass calculations
TSSM = TSS 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
I I
ANM =AN 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
7. Calculation
I I
TKNM = TKN 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
I I
7.1 Data Collection—See Table 1
BODM = BOD 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
I I
CODM = COD 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
7.2 Data Calculations—SeeTable 2 I I
OGM =OG 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
I I
7.3 Data Summary—See Table 3
(2) Effluent mass calculations
TSSM = TSS 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
E E
8. Precision and Bias
ANM =AN 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
E E
TKNM = TKN 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
E E
8.1 The precision and bias of this test method are still under
BODM = BOD 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
E E
evaluation.
CODM = COD 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
E E
OGM =OG 3 WF 3 WD _____lb
E E
9. Keywords (3) Pollutant reduction
Total suspended solids
9.1 anaerobic digestion; biogas; biomass; waste treatment
reduction = (TSSM − TSSM)/TSSM _____ %
E I I
Ammonia nitrogen
reduction = (ANM − ANM)/ANM _____%
E I I
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen
reduction = (TKNM − TKNM)/TKNM _____%
E I I
Biochemical oxygen
demand reduction = (BODM − BODM)/BODM _____%
E I I
Chemical oxygen demand
reduction = (CODM − CODM)/CODM _____%
E I I
Oil and grease reduction = (OGM − OGM)/OGM ____
...

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ASTM
ASTM F2148-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Delayed Contact Hypersensitivity Using the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The propensity of a material to stimulate delayed contact hypersensitivity must be assessed before clinical application of devices containing this material. Delayed hypersensitivity may occur anywhere in the body. Systemic delayed hypersensitivity may have a complex set of reactions and consequences depending on the actual tissue/organ site of reaction. Although the reactions are seldom life-threatening, severe tissue and organ damage my result over time. Skin is the usual test site to determine the propensity of a material to cause delayed hypersensitivity.  
5.2 The standard historical test methods have involved the use of guinea pigs with a cutaneous application and observation of the reaction site. The use of the murine local lymph node assay results in a numerical quantitation of stimulation, rather than subjective evaluation and could be used to determine dose responses.  
5.3 This practice may not be predictive of events occurring during all types of implant applications. The user is cautioned to consider the appropriateness of the method in view of the materials being tested, their potential applications, and the recommendations contained in Practice F748.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a methodology to use a combination of in vivio and in situ procedures for the evaluation of delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions.  
1.2 This practice is intended to provide an alternative to the use of guinea pigs for evaluation of the ability of a device material to stimulate delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions. This alternative is particularly applicable for materials used in devices that contact only intact skin. However, the guinea pig maximization test is still the recommended method when assessing the delayed hypersensitivity response to metals or when testing substances that do not penetrate the skin but are used in devices that contact deep tissues or breached surfaces. This practice may be used for testing metals, with the exception of nickel-containing metals, unless the unique physicochemical properties of the materials may interfere with the ability of LLNA to detect sensitizing substances.  
1.3 This practice consists of a protocol for assessing an increase in lymphocyte proliferation in the lymph nodes draining the site of test article administration on the ears of mice.  
1.4 The LLNA has been validated only for low-molecular-weight chemicals that can penetrate the skin. The absorbed chemical or metabolite must bind to macromolecules, such as proteins, to form immunogenic conjugates.  
1.5 This practice is one of several developed for the assessment of the biocompatibility of materials. Practice F748 may provide guidance for the selection of appropriate methods for testing materials for a specific application.  
1.6 Identification of a supplier of materials or reagents is for the convenience of the user and does not imply a single source. Appropriate materials and reagents may be obtained from many commercial supply houses.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off