ASTM E1623-22a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the heat release rate of materials, products, and assemblies. Other parameters are the effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate, the time to ignition, smoke and gas production, emissivity, and surface temperature. Examples of test specimens are assemblies of materials or products that are tested in their end-use thickness. Therefore, the test method is suitable for assessing the heat release rate of a wall assembly.
5.2 Representative joints and other characteristics of an assembly shall be included in a specimen when these details are part of normal design.
5.3 This test method is applicable to end-use products not having an ideally planar external surface. The heat flux shall be adjusted to be that which is desired at the average distance of the surface from the radiant panel.
5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
5.5 Test Limitations:
5.5.1 The test results have limited validity if: (a) the specimen melts sufficiently to overflow the drip tray, or (b) explosive spalling occurs.
5.5.2 Exercise caution in interpreting results of specimens that sag, deform, or delaminate during a test. Report observations of such behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the response of materials, products, and assemblies to controlled levels of radiant heat exposure with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by this test method include the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, visible smoke development, and gas release of materials, products, and assemblies under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This test method is also suitable for determining many of the parameters or values needed as input for computer fire models. Examples of these values include effective heat of combustion, surface temperature, ignition temperature, and emissivity.
1.4 This test method is also intended to provide information about other fire parameters such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients, flame radiation factor, air entrainment rates, flame temperatures, minimum surface temperatures for upward and downward flame spread, heat of gasification, nondimensional heat of gasification (1)2 and the Φ flame spread parameter (see Test Method E1321). While some studies have indicated that this test method is suitable for determining these fire parameters, insufficient testing and research have been done to justify inclusion of the corresponding testing and calculating procedures.
1.5 The heat release rate is determined by the principle of oxygen consumption calorimetry, via measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and flow rate in the exhaust product stream (exhaust duct). The procedure is specified in 11.1. Smoke development is quantified by measuring the obscuration of light by the combustion product stream (exhaust duct).
1.6 Specimens are exposed to a constant heat flux in the range of 0 to 50 kW/m2 in a vertical orientation. Hot wires are used to ignite the combustible vapors from the specimen during the ignition and heat release tests. The assessment of the parameters associated with flame spread requires the use of line burners instead of hot wire ignitors.
1.6.1 Heat release measurements at low heat flux levels (2) require special considerations as described in Section A1.1.6.
1.7 This test method has been developed for evaluations, design, or research and development of materials, products, or...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1623 − 22a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials,
Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale
1
Calorimeter (ICAL)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* quantified by measuring the obscuration of light by the
combustion product stream (exhaust duct).
1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the response of
materials, products, and assemblies to controlled levels of
1.6 Specimens are exposed to a constant heat flux in the
2
radiant heat exposure with or without an external ignitor.
range of 0 to 50 kW/m in a vertical orientation. Hot wires are
usedtoignitethecombustiblevaporsfromthespecimenduring
1.2 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by this
the ignition and heat release tests. The assessment of the
test method include the ignitability, heat release rates, mass
parametersassociatedwithflamespreadrequirestheuseofline
loss rates, visible smoke development, and gas release of
burners instead of hot wire ignitors.
materials, products, and assemblies under well ventilated
1.6.1 Heat release measurements at low heat flux levels (<
conditions.
2
10 kW/m ) require special considerations as described in
1.3 This test method is also suitable for determining many
Section A1.1.6.
of the parameters or values needed as input for computer fire
models. Examples of these values include effective heat of
1.7 This test method has been developed for evaluations,
combustion, surface temperature, ignition temperature, and design, or research and development of materials, products, or
emissivity.
assemblies,formathematicalfiremodeling,orforresearchand
development. The specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and
1.4 Thistestmethodisalsointendedtoprovideinformation
configurations representative of actual end product or system
about other fire parameters such as thermal conductivity,
uses.
specific heat, radiative and convective heat transfer
coefficients, flame radiation factor, air entrainment rates, flame
1.8 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.5.
temperatures, minimum surface temperatures for upward and
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
downward flame spread, heat of gasification, nondimensional
2
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
heat of gasification (1) and the Φ flame spread parameter (see
standard.
Test Method E1321). While some studies have indicated that
this test method is suitable for determining these fire
1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the
parameters, insufficient testing and research have been done to
responseofmaterials,products,orassembliestoheatandflame
justify inclusion of the corresponding testing and calculating
under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate
procedures.
allfactorsrequiredforfirehazardorfireriskassessmentofthe
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 The heat release rate is determined by the principle of
oxygen consumption calorimetry, via measurement of the
1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentra-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
tionandflowrateintheexhaustproductstream(exhaustduct).
conducting these tests. Specific information about hazards is
The procedure is specified in 11.1. Smoke development is
given in Section 7.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Combustion Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as E1623-22. DOI:
1.13 This international standard was developed in accor-
10.1520/E1623-22A.
2
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to the list of references at the
end of this standard. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
*A Summa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1623 − 22 E1623 − 22a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials,
Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale
1
Calorimeter (ICAL)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the response of materials, products, and assemblies to controlled levels of radiant heat
exposure with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by this test method include the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates,
visible smoke development, and gas release of materials, products, and assemblies under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This test method is also suitable for determining many of the parameters or values needed as input for computer fire models.
Examples of these values include effective heat of combustion, surface temperature, ignition temperature, and emissivity.
1.4 This test method is also intended to provide information about other fire parameters such as thermal conductivity, specific heat,
radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients, flame radiation factor, air entrainment rates, flame temperatures, minimum
2
surface temperatures for upward and downward flame spread, heat of gasification, nondimensional heat of gasification (1) and the
Φ flame spread parameter (see Test Method E1321). While some studies have indicated that this test method is suitable for
determining these fire parameters, insufficient testing and research have been done to justify inclusion of the corresponding testing
and calculating procedures.
1.5 The heat release rate is determined by the principle of oxygen consumption calorimetry, via measurement of the oxygen
consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and flow rate in the exhaust product stream (exhaust duct). The procedure
is specified in 11.1. Smoke development is quantified by measuring the obscuration of light by the combustion product stream
(exhaust duct).
2
1.6 Specimens are exposed to a constant heat flux in the range of 0 to 50 kW/m in a vertical orientation. Hot wires are used to
ignite the combustible vapors from the specimen during the ignition and heat release tests. The assessment of the parameters
associated with flame spread requires the use of line burners instead of hot wire ignitors.
2
1.6.1 Heat release measurements at low heat flux levels (< 10 kW/m ) require special considerations as described in Section
A1.1.6.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Combustion
Products.
Current edition approved April 1, 2022Nov. 1, 2022. Published May 2022December 2022. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20162022 as
E1623 - 16.E1623 - 22. DOI: 10.1520/E1623-22.10.1520/E1623-22A.
2
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1623 − 22a
1.7 This test method has been developed for evaluations, design, or research and development of materials, products, or
assemblies, for mathematical fire modeling, or for research and development. The specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and
configurations representative of actual end product or system uses.
1.8 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.5.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests. Specific information about hazards is given i
...
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