ASTM D1435-13

Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice are used to evaluate the stability of plastic materials when they are exposed outdoors. The relative durability of plastics in outdoor use can be very different depending on the location of the exposure because of differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. It cannot be assumed, therefore, that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative durability in a different location. Exposures in several locations with different climates that represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are recommended.  
4.1.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years of repeat exposures are needed to get an average test result for a given location.  
4.2 The results of short-term exposure tests can provide an indication of relative outdoor performance, but they should not be used to predict the absolute long-term performance of a material. The results of tests conducted for less than twelve months will depend on the particular season of the year in which they begin.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to cover procedures for the exposure of plastic materials to weather. Note 1—See Practice G24 for aging under glass.  
1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which the material is to be exposed and the general procedure to be followed. It is intended for use with finished articles of commerce as well as with all sizes and shapes of test specimens.  
1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will depend on the intended use for the test material.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2—This standard and ISO 877.2-2009, Method A, are technically equivalent.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2013
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.50 - Durability of Plastics

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1435 − 13
Standard Practice for
1
Outdoor Weathering of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1435; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
1.1 This practice is intended to cover procedures for the
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
exposure of plastic materials to weather.
of Nonmetallic Materials
NOTE 1—See Practice G24 for aging under glass.
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which the
material is to be exposed and the general procedure to be
2.2 ISO Standard:
followed. It is intended for use with finished articles of ISO 877.2-2009 Plastics—Methods of exposure to solar
commerce as well as with all sizes and shapes of test
radiation—Part 2: Direct weathering and exposure behind
3
specimens. glass
1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will
3. Terminology
depend on the intended use for the test material.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertain-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ing to plastics used in this practice, see Terminologies D883,
standard.
D1600, G113, and E772.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
used to evaluate the stability of plastic materials when they are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
exposed outdoors.The relative durability of plastics in outdoor
use can be very different depending on the location of the
NOTE 2—This standard and ISO 877.2-2009, MethodA, are technically
equivalent. exposure because of differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation,
time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. It
2. Referenced Documents
cannot be assumed, therefore, that results from one exposure in
2
a single location will be useful for determining relative
2.1 ASTM Standards:
durabilityinadifferentlocation.Exposuresinseverallocations
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
with different climates that represent a broad range of antici-
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
pated service conditions are recommended.
tics
4.1.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, re-
E772 Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years of
ing of Nonmetallic Materials
repeat exposures are needed to get an average test result for a
G24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Filtered
given location.
Through Glass
4.2 The results of short-term exposure tests can provide an
indication of relative outdoor performance, but they should not
1
be used to predict the absolute long-term performance of a
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
material. The results of tests conducted for less than twelve
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
months will depend on the particular season of the year in
in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1435 - 05. DOI: 10.1520/
which they begin.
D1435-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D1435 − 13
5. Apparatus is not constrained (that is, it is free to expand or contract with
thermal changes, swell because of moisture absorption, or
5.1 The test site shall conform to the requirements of
shrink because of plasticizer los
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1435 − 05 D1435 − 13
Standard Practice for
1
Outdoor Weathering of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1435; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice is intended to cover procedures for the exposure of plastic materials to weather.
NOTE 1—See Practice G24 for aging under glass.
1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which the material is to be exposed and the general procedure to be followed. It
is intended for use with finished articles of commerce as well as with all sizes and shapes of test specimens.
1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will depend on the intended use for the test material.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—This standard and ISO 877.2-1991,877.2-2009, Method A, are technically equivalent.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
E772 Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Filtered Through Glass
G84 Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Surfaces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric Corrosion
Testing
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 877.2-1991877.2-2009 Method A, Methods for Exposure to Direct Weathering, to Weathering Using Glass-Filtered
Daylight, and to Intensified Weathering Using Fresnel MirrorsPlastics—Methods of exposure to solar radiation—Part 2:
3
Direct weathering and exposure behind glass
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertaining to plastics used in this practice, see Terminologies D883, D1600,
G113, and E772.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice are used to evaluate the stability of plastic materials when they are exposed
outdoors. The relative durability of plastics in outdoor use can be very different depending on the location of the exposure because
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
Current edition approved March 1, 2005June 1, 2013. Published March 2005July 2013. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 19992005 as
D1435 - 99.D1435 - 05. DOI: 10.1520/D1435-05.10.1520/D1435-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1435 − 13
of differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. It cannot be assumed,
therefore, that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative durability in a different location.
Exposures in several locations with different climates that represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are
recommended.
4.1.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute
rate at which a material degr
...