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ASTM F3416-21

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry to Evaluate Synthetic Equine Surface Components

Standard Guide for Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry to Evaluate Synthetic Equine Surface Components

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 FTIR can quickly be utilized to help identify polymeric fibers and some inorganic materials. FTIR also provides a means of monitoring changes to equine surface binder materials, in addition to observing oxidation.
SCOPE
1.1 Infrared (IR) spectrophotometry involving IR microscopes, coupled with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers, is a valuable method of identifying polymeric fibers (that is, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.) and rubber used in synthetic equine surfaces. FTIR may also be used to identify organic compounds and other non-metallic elements present in the binder (that is, high-oil wax) extracted from an equine surface. FTIR of wax-based binders can also detect and quantify relative degrees of binder oxidation. FTIR works by detecting and interpreting the oscillations of the atoms bonded together in the molecular structure. Infrared light absorption spectra are generated from samples tested, and these spectra are compared to libraries of known polymer spectra. For bulk fiber samples, different fibers are visually separated into groups and individual fibers from each group are tested. For extracted wax, several tests are conducted to ensure consistency. FTIR absorption spectrums for two common fibers are shown in Fig. 1. FTIR spectrum for a wax binder exhibiting oxidation peaks is shown in Fig. 2.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
FIG. 1 FTIR Identification of Polymer Types in Bulk Fiber
FIG. 2 Oxidation Activity in Wax Binder over Multiple Years (Note Oxidation Peak at ~1700 cm–1 (1))  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Apr-2021
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
Drafting Committee
F08.28 - Equestrian Surfaces
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F3416-21 - Standard Guide for Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry to Evaluate Synthetic Equine Surface ComponentsASTM F3416-21 - Standard Guide for Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry to Evaluate Synthetic Equine Surface Components
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ASTM F3416-21 - Standard Guide for Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry to Evaluate Synthetic Equine Surface Components
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F3416 −21
Standard Guide for
Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry to Evaluate
1
Synthetic Equine Surface Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3416; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Infrared (IR) spectrophotometry involving IR
D7414 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Oxidation
microscopes, coupled with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubri-
spectrometers, is a valuable method of identifying polymeric
cants byTrendAnalysis Using FourierTransform Infrared
fibers (that is, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.) and rubber
(FT-IR) Spectrometry
used in synthetic equine surfaces. FTIR may also be used to
E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related
identify organic compounds and other non-metallic elements
Documentation
present in the binder (that is, high-oil wax) extracted from an
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
equine surface. FTIR of wax-based binders can also detect and
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
quantify relative degrees of binder oxidation. FTIR works by
E2224 Guide for Forensic Analysis of Fibers by Infrared
detecting and interpreting the oscillations of the atoms bonded
Spectroscopy
together in the molecular structure. Infrared light absorption
spectra are generated from samples tested, and these spectra
3. Terminology
are compared to libraries of known polymer spectra. For bulk
3.1 Definitions:
fibersamples,differentfibersarevisuallyseparatedintogroups
3.1.1 absorbance (A), n—the logarithm to the base 10 of the
and individual fibers from each group are tested. For extracted
reciprocal of the transmittance, (T): A = log (1/T) = -log T
wax, several tests are conducted to ensure consistency. FTIR 10 10
absorption spectrums for two common fibers are shown in Fig. 3.1.2 absorption band, n—a region of the absorption spec-
1. FTIR spectrum for a wax binder exhibiting oxidation peaks trum in which the absorbance passes through a maximum.
is shown in Fig. 2.
3.1.3 absorption spectrum, n—a plot, or other
representation, of absorbance, or any function of absorbance,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
against wavelength, or any other function of wavelength.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.4 background, n—apparent absorption caused by any-
standard.
thing other than the substance for which the analysis is being
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
made.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 Fourier transform, n—a mathematical operation that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
converts a function of one independent variable to one of a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
different independent variable.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), n—a
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
technique in which a material of interest is subjected to an
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
infrared spectrum and absorption is measured over the speci-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
fied spectral range.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.7 transmittance (T), n—the ratio of radiant power trans-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
mitted by the sample, I, to the radiant power incident on the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
sample, I .
o
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
2
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee F08.28 on Equestrian Surfaces. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved April 15, 2021. Published May 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F3416-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3416−21
FIG. 1FTIR Identification of Polymer Types in Bulk Fiber
–1
FIG. 2Oxi
...

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