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ASTM E430-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The gloss of metallic finishes is important commercially on metals for automotive, architectural, and other uses where these metals undergo special finishing processes to produce the appearances desired. It is important for the end-products, which use such finished metals that parts placed together have the same glossy appearance.
It is also important that automotive finishes and other high-gloss nonmetallic surfaces possess the desired finished appearance. The present method identifies by measurements important aspects of finishes. Those having identical sets of numbers normally have the same gloss characteristics. It usually requires more than one measurement to identify properly the glossy appearance of any finish (see Refs 3 and 4).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the reflection characteristics responsible for the glossy appearance of high-gloss surfaces. Two test methods, A and B, are provided for evaluating such surface characteristics at specular angles of 30 and 20, respectively. These test methods are not suitable for diffuse finish surfaces nor do they measure color, another appearance attribute.
1.2 As originally developed by Tingle and others (see Refs 1 and 2),² the test methods were applied only to bright metals. Recently they have been applied to high-gloss automotive finishes and other nonmetallic surfaces.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2005
ICS
17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.03 - Geometry
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E430-97(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Goniophotometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Replaced By
ASTM E430-11 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM E430-23 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM B580-79(2019) - Standard Specification for Anodic Oxide Coatings on Aluminum
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5767-18 - Standard Test Method for Instrumental Measurement of Distinctness-of-Image (DOI) Gloss of Coated Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D523-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5531-17(2023) - Standard Guide for Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7188-05(2019) - Standard Terminology for Printing Inks, Materials, and Processes
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5382-02(2017) - Standard Guide to Evaluation of Optical Properties of Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM G179-04(2019) - Standard Specification for Metal Black Panel and White Panel Temperature Devices for Natural Weathering Tests
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4039-09(2023) - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM E179-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM A109/A109M-16(2018) - Standard Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM A684/A684M-17 - Standard Specification for Steel, Strip, High-Carbon, Cold-Rolled
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005

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ASTM E430-05 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged GoniophotometryASTM E430-05 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
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ASTM E430-05 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E430–05
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged
1
Goniophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Terms that are defined in Terminology E284., but have
a specific definition in this method are:
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the
3.2.1 reflectance, p, n—ratio of the reflected radiant or
reflection characteristics responsible for the glossy appearance
luminous flux to the incident flux in the given conditions.
of high-gloss surfaces. Two test methods, A and B, are
(E284)
provided for evaluating such surface characteristics at specular
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The term reflectance is often used in a
angles of 30° and 20°, respectively.These test methods are not
general sense or as an abbreviation for reflectance factor. Such
suitable for diffuse finish surfaces nor do they measure color,
usage is not assumed in this method. The definition may
another appearance attribute.
require that the term be modified by adjectives denoting the
1.2 As originally developed by Tingle and others (see Refs
2
spectral and geometric conditions of measurement.
1 and 2), the test methods were applied only to bright metals.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Recently they have been applied to high-gloss automotive
3.3.1 reflection haze, H, n—for a specified specular angle,
finishes and other nonmetallic surfaces.
ratio of flux reflected at a specified angle (or angles) form the
2. Referenced Documents
specular direction to the flux similarly reflected at the specular
3
angle by a specified gloss standard.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3.1.1 Discussion—Modifiers may be used to specify the
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
angles at which the haze is measured (for example, 2° or –5°);
D2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and
whether –H or a logarithmic form is to be stated; or whether H
Solid Plastics
is to be compensated for the luminance of the specimen by
E171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning and
multiplication by Y /Y , where n denotes the reference
Testing Flexible Barrier Materials specimen n
white; or any combination of these.
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
3.3.2 metallic brightness, n—freedom of a metal surface
Measurement of Reflection andTransmission Properties of
from diffuse haze or texture.
Materials
3.3.3 ‘with-machine’ direction, n—the axis of a specimen
E284 Terminology of Appearance
that is parallel to the direction of mill rolling or extrusion, or
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
other surface-finish texture.
Using the CIE System
3.3.4 ‘across-machine’ direction, n—the perpendicular to
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
‘with-machine’ direction.
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
4. Summary of Test Method
3. Terminology
4.1 Several geometrically different measures of light re-
3.1 Definitions—Appearance terms in this test method are
flected by a surface are proposed for use in describing its gloss
in accordance with Terminology E284.
appearance. In Test Method A, gloss reflectance factor is
measured at 30° to the specimen normal using narrow illumi-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on
nator and receiver aperture angles (0.5° wide maximum).
Color andAppearance and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on
Distinctness-of-image gloss is measured at 29.7 or 30.3° or
Geometry.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2005.PublishedJuly2005.Originallyapproved
both. Narrow-angle (2°) reflection haze is measured at 28 or
in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E430–97(2003). DOI:
32° or both, and wide-angle (5°) reflection haze at 25 or 35° or
10.1520/E0430-05.
2 both. The ratio of reflectance factors for 28 or 32° or both,
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
this method. perpendicular and parallel to the machine direction of the
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
specimen, is computed as a measure of directionality. In
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Method B, specular gloss is measured at 20° in accordance
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
with Test Method D523, and narrow-angle reflection haze is
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E430–
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Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry

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5.1 The gloss of metallic finishes is important commercially on metals for automotive, architectural, and other uses where these metals undergo special finishing processes to produce the appearances desired. It is important for the end-products, which use such finished metals that parts placed together have the same glossy appearance.  
5.2 It is also important that automotive finishes and other high-gloss nonmetallic surfaces possess the desired finished appearance. The present method identifies by measurements important aspects of finishes. Those having identical sets of numbers normally have the same gloss characteristics. It usually requires more than one measurement to identify properly the glossy appearance of any finish (see Refs 3 and 4).
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SCOPE
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5.1 The amount of wear in any system will, in general, depend upon the number of system factors such as the applied load, machine characteristics, sliding speed, sliding distance, the environment, and the material properties. The value of any wear test method lies in predicting the relative ranking of material combinations. Since the pin-on-disk test method does not attempt to duplicate all the conditions that may be experienced in service (for example, lubrication, load, pressure, contact geometry, removal of wear debris, and presence of corrosive environment), there is no insurance that the test will predict the wear rate of a given material under conditions differing from those in the test.  
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5.1 This test method is designed to rank material couples in their resistance to the failure mode caused by galling and not merely to classify the surface appearance of sliding surfaces.  
5.2 This test method should be considered when damaged (galled) surfaces render components non-serviceable. Experience has shown that galling is most prevalent in sliding systems that are slow moving and operate intermittently. The galling and seizure of threaded components is a classic example which this test method most closely simulates.  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard except psi and pounds in Table 1.  
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This specification covers infrared thermometers, which are electronic instruments intended for the intermittent measurement and monitoring of patient temperatures by means of detecting the intensity of thermal radiation between the subject of measurement and the sensor. The specification addresses the assessment of the subject's internal body temperature through measurement of thermal emission from the ear canal. Though, performance requirements for noncontact temperature measurement of skin are also provided. Limits are set for laboratory accuracy, and determination and disclosure of clinical accuracy of the covered instruments are required. Performance and storage limits under various environmental conditions, requirements for labeling, and test procedures are all established herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers electronic instruments intended for intermittent measuring and monitoring of patient temperatures by means of detecting the intensity of thermal radiation between the subject of measurement and the sensor.  
1.2 The specification addresses assessing subject’s body internal temperature through measurement of thermal emission from the ear canal. Performance requirements for noncontact temperature measurement of skin are also provided.  
1.3 The specification sets limits for laboratory accuracy and requires determination and disclosure of clinical accuracy of the covered instruments.  
1.4 Performance and storage limits under various environmental conditions, requirements for labeling, and test procedures are established.
Note 1: For electrical safety, consult Underwriters Laboratory Standards.2
Note 2: For electromagnetic emission requirements and tests, refer to CISPR 11: 1990 Lists of Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Disturbance Characteristics of Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Radiofrequency Equipment.3  
1.5 The values of quantities stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values of quantities in parentheses are not in SI and are optional.  
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This terminology standard contains definitions of appearance terms applicable to the work of many ASTM technical committees. Its use by committees other than Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, and its citation in the standards of such committees, is encouraged.  
3.2 In this terminology standard, definitions of terms used in other ASTM standards are indicated by placing the designation of that standard in parentheses at the end of the definition. Definitions used by other organizations (see Refs (3–4)) are indicated similarly by placing in parentheses at the end of the definition the acronym of the organization, occasionally with the date of its terminology standard quoted. In either case, a superscript letter may be used to indicate the degree of correspondence between the definition given herein and that in the citation. Superscript A indicates that the two are identical; B that the given definition is a modification of that cited, with little difference in essential meaning; and C that the two differ substantially.  
3.3 A further parenthetical inclusion at the end of the definition gives the revision, if after 1981, in which the definition was added to this terminology standard or last revised.  
3.4 Where appropriate, symbols or acronyms are listed for terms in this terminology standard. Since usage varies, these listings should be considered as recommendations, not as mandatory. If a different symbol or acronym is used in another ASTM standard, this should be indicated in that standard.  
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1.2 It is the policy of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance that this terminology standard include important terms and definitions explicit to the scope, whether or not the terms are currently used in an ASTM standard. Terms that are in common use and appear in common-language dictionaries (see Refs (1–2)2) are generally not included, except when the dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions recommended for E12 standards.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7091-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes three operational steps necessary to ensure accurate coating thickness measurement: calibration, verification and adjustment of coating thickness measuring gages, as well as proper methods for obtaining coating thickness measurements on both ferrous and non-ferrous metal substrates.  
4.2 Many specifications for commercial and industrial coatings projects stipulate a minimum and a maximum dry film thickness for each layer in a coating system. Additionally, most manufacturers of high performance coatings will warranty coating systems based upon, in part, achieving the proper thickness of each layer and the total coating system. Even if a project specification is not provided, the coating manufacturer’s recommendations published on product data sheets can become the governing document(s). Equipment manufacturers produce nondestructive coating thickness testing gages that are used to measure the cumulative or individual thickness of the coating layers, after they are dry. The manufacturers provide information for the adjustment and use of these gages, normally in the form of operating instructions. The user of this equipment must be knowledgeable in the proper operation of these devices, including methods for verifying the accuracy of the equipment prior to, during and after use as well as measurement procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the use of magnetic and eddy current gages for dry film thickness measurement. This practice is intended to supplement the manufacturers’ instructions for the manual operation of the gages and is not intended to replace them. It includes definitions of key terms, reference documents, the significance and use of the practice, the advantages and limitations of coating thickness gages, and a description of test specimens. It describes the methods and recommended frequency for verifying the accuracy of gages and for adjusting the equipment and lists the reporting recommendations.  
1.2 These procedures are not applicable to coatings that will be readily deformed under the load of the measuring gages/probes, as the gage probe must be placed directly on the coating surface to obtain a reading. Provisions for measuring on soft or tacky coatings are described in 5.7.  
1.3 Coating thickness can be measured using a variety of gages. These gages are categorized as “magnetic pull-off” and “electronic.” They use a sensing probe or magnet to measure the gap (distance) between the base metal and the probe. This measured distance is displayed as coating thickness by the gages.  
1.4 Coating thickness can vary widely across a surface. As a result, obtaining single-point measurements may not accurately represent the actual coating system thickness. SSPC-PA 2 prescribes a frequency of coating thickness measurement based on the size of the area coated. A frequency of measurement for coated steel beams (girders) and coated test panels is also provided in the appendices to SSPC-PA 2. The governing specification is responsible for providing the user with the minimum and the maximum coating thickness for each layer, and for the total coating system.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off