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ASTM C465-99

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements

Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements

SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether or not a processing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in Specifications C 150, C 1157, C 845, and C 595. The materials listed in the following former ASTM Specifications shall be considered as meeting the requirements of this specification: C 150-62, for Portland Cement  C 205-58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement  C 340-58 T, for Portland Pozzolan Cement  C 358-58, for Slag Cement  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-1999
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.20 - Additions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C465-99(2005) - Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM C595/C595M-23 - Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM C989/C989M-22 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM C150/C150M-22 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM C10/C10M-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Cement
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM C563-20 - Standard Guide for Approximation of Optimum SO<inf>3</inf> in Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM C688-22 - Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM C845/C845M-18 - Standard Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999

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ASTM C465-99 - Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic CementsASTM C465-99 - Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
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ASTM C465-99 - Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 465 – 99
Standard Specification for
Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture
of Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 138 Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, andAir Content
(Gravimetric) of Concrete
1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be
C 143 Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Con-
used for determining whether a processing addition, when used
crete
in the recommended amount at the option of the cement
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Portland
requirements as prescribed by definition in Specifications
Cement
C 150, C 1157, C 845, and C 595. The materials listed in the
C 173 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
following former ASTM Specifications shall be considered as
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
meeting the requirements of this specification:
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
C 150 – 62, for Portland Cement
Mortar
C 205 – 58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement
C 340 – 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan Cement
C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic
C 358 – 58, for Slag Cement
Cement
C 191 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the 5
ment by Vicat Needle
test methods described in this specification. This standard does
C 192 Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Speci-
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, 4
mens in the Laboratory
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
C 204 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices 5
Air Permeability Apparatus
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
C 205 – 58T Specification for Portland Blast–Furnace Slag
to use. 3
Cement
C 226 Specification forAir-EntrainingAdditions for Use in
2. Referenced Documents
the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Portland Cement
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates 4
Concrete by the Pressure Method
C 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
C 293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Us-
Concrete Specimens
ing Simple Beam with Center-Point Loading)
C 78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using 3
C 340 – 58T Specification for Portland Pozzolan Cement
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C 358 – 58 Specification for Slag Cement
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of 5
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
C 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con-
Specimens) 5
taining Portland Cement
C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
C 617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Speci-
Cement 4
mens
C 115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the 5
C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
Turbidimeter
C 1157 Performance Specification for Blended Hydraulic
Cement
D 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC-1onCement
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
Liquid Industrial Chemicals
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally 6
E 203 Test Method for Water Using Karl Fischer Reagent
published as C 465 – 61 T. Last previous edition C 465 – 96.
See 1961 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 4.
Discontinued, see 1958 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 4.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
5 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 465
3. Materials with the grading requirements for Size No. 57 or Size No. 67.
A sufficient quantity from a single lot of coarse aggregate and
3.1 Cements:
from a single lot of fine aggregate shall be provided to
3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed addition
complete all tests. To prevent the segregation of particle sizes
be accepted for general use in portland cement, tests shall be
in the fine aggregate, a single lot of sand sufficient for all tests
made on cements prepared from at least five different clinkers.
shall either ( 1) be separated on the 4.75-mm (No. 4), 1.18-mm
As a minimum, these clinkers shall represent two Type I
(No. 16), 300 µm (No. 50), and 150 µm (No. 100) sieves and
cements containing not less than 9.0 % C A, one Type II
then be recombined in the required quantity for each batch; or
cement, and two Type III cements, all conforming to Specifi-
(2) be blended while in a damp condition, and maintained in
cation C 150.
that condition for the duration of the tests. Under option (2),
3.1.2 In cases where it is also desired that the proposed
lots of appropriate size for single mortar and concrete batches
addition be used in blended cements, the test and test proce-
shall be carefully split or quartered from the entire batch.
dures shall be as specified with a control and an addition for
cement conforming to the appropriate Specification C 595 or
4. General Requirements
C 1157.
4.1 Processing additions shall conform to the respective
3.1.3 Processing additions which have been shown to meet
requirements in this specification.
the requirements of this specification may also be used in
4.2 The trade name, source, character of the material, and
cements conforming to Specification C 845. Testing of the
means for the quantitative determination of the addition in the
addition with these special cements, where desired, shall be
finished cement shall be furnished by the sponsor, manufac-
done using the tests and test procedures as specified with a
turer,orsupplieroftheaddition,andtheinformationshallform
control cement and a cement containing the addition, both
a part of the record of tests of the addition. If the processing
conforming to Specification C 845.
addition is a liquid, the specific gravity and percent water
3.1.4 In cases where it is desired that the proposed addition
content shall also be part of the record.
be limited in use to specific types of cement less in number
4.2.1 Thespecificgravity,runinaccordancewith7.1.1shall
than required in 3.1.1, the tests and test procedures shall be as
be within 60.05 units of the value reported in 4.2.
specified, and at least two pairs of cements shall be prepared
4.3 Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing
from two clinkers from different plants for each type under
specific consideration. cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements
from the same source without the addition, or containing a
3.1.5 In cases where it is desired that the proposed addition
processing addition which has been shown to comply with this
be limited in use to a single plant, the tests and test procedures
specification using control cements without any additions,
shall be as specified and at least two pairs of cements shall be
hereinafter designated the “control” cement.
prepared from clinker representing each type under specific
4.4 The amount of the processing addition to be interground
consideration.
withthecementforevaluationpurposesshallbedeterminedby
3.1.6 The two companion cements to be made from any one
the sponsor of the addition.
clinker shall be ground to the same fineness within 7 m /kg
4.4.1 The amount of the addition in the cement containing
when tested in accordance with Test Method C 115 or within
the addition and showing compliance with the requirements of
13 m /kg when tested in accordance with Test Method C 204,
this specification shall be determined quantitatively by means
and the SO content, expressed as a percentage of the cement
of the quantitative determination required by 4.2.
mass and reported to the nearest 0.01 %, shall differ by not
more than 0.3, so as to afford comparable samples for indicat- 4.4.2 The amount of addition, so determined, shall be used
to state the amount of addition that shows compliance with this
ing the effect of the addition on the cement. Each control
cement shall comply with all requirements in the specification specification.
applicable to that type of cement, and shall not contain the 4.4.3 When tests on cements containing the addition show
proposed addition when tested by the method furnished by the
compliance with the requirements of this specification, the
producer or seller of the addition. addition in cement may be used in any amount up to the
3.1.7 The percentage of each of the following shall be maximum amount showing compliance.
determined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide 4.5 The cement produced for evaluation purposes with the
(SiO ),aluminumoxide(Al O ),ferricoxide(Fe O ),calcium processing addition shall comply with the appropriate Speci-
2 2 3 2 3
oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO ),
fications C 150, C 845, C 1157M, or C 595, except that it
ignition loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na O), and contains the addition under test. The effect of the addition on
potassium oxide (K O). There shall also be calculated the
the properties of the cement shall also be within the following
potential percentages of the following compounds: tricalcium limits:
silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracal-
4.5.1 The percentage of water by mass of cement required
cium aluminoferrite. Determinations for the percentage of the
for normal consistency of cement containing the addition shall
addition shall be made, both on the control cements and on
not exceed that required by the corresponding control cement
those with which the addition was interground, using the
by more than 1.0. For those cements not limited to a fixed
method proposed therefore by the sponsor.
water requirement, the percentage of water by mass of cement
3.2 Aggregates—The fine and coarse aggregates shall com- required for standard consistency of the mortar used for
ply with Specification C 33; the coarse aggregate shall comply strength determinations as described in 4.5.4 shall not be
C 465
increased by more than 2.0 by the addition over that required 4.7 In the event that the effect of the
...

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4.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions in this method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1608-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Numerous properties of cementitious materials are controlled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-age strength development, heat release, and crack resistance. One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate is provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of the cement paste during its hydration. As cement hydrates, the hydration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a hydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate surroundings, when available. At early times, this sorption is in direct proportion to the amount of hydration that has occurred.5 This method is based on the one developed by Geiker.6 The results are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume changes (autogenous shrinkage) associated with chemical shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced with the evaluated cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) volume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the hydration of the cementitious materials. This volume change is known as chemical shrinkage.  
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.  
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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