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ASTM E3050-16

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel

Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel

ABSTRACT
This specification provides requirements and corresponding test methods for denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both. The addition of a denatonium benzoate and a colored dye is required. The minimum and maximum requirements for the amount in which denatonium benzoate must be added are specified. The hydrocarbons approved for use under this specification are gasoline, unleaded gasoline, natural gasoline, heptane, or rubber hydrocarbon solvent.
Also addressed in this specification are workmanship, sampling, sontainers, and sample handling. The test methods cover ethanol, water, and higher alcohols as well as acidity and solvent-washed gum content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both.  
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.  
1.2.1 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale and retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of these activities.  
1.3 The addition of a denatonium benzoate is required in addition to any other denaturants that are added.  
1.3.1 The denatonium benzoate is added as an additional deterrent to consumption. The denatonium benzoate must be added in an amount that meets the minimum and maximum requirements listed in Table 1.  
1.4 The addition of a colored dye is also required. The colored dye must be added in a concentration sufficient to enable the visual detection of the color in the fuel but in an amount less than the maximum listed in Table 1.  
1.4.1 The colored dye is added to visually indicate that the product is not potable.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2016
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
Drafting Committee
E48.A0 - Product Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3050-16 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance FuelASTM E3050-16 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
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ASTM E3050-16 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E3050 −16
Standard Specification for
1
Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to 2.1 ASTM Standards:
be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both. D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
ration
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
of federal, state, or local regulations.
Petroleum Products
1.2.1 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing,
Petroleum Products
wholesale and retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
specification does not purport to address the regulatory com-
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
pliance aspects of these activities.
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
1.3 The addition of a denatonium benzoate is required in
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
1 4
addition to any other denaturants that are added.
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
1.3.1 The denatonium benzoate is added as an additional
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
deterrent to consumption. The denatonium benzoate must be
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
added in an amount that meets the minimum and maximum
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and
requirements listed in Table 1.
Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 %
Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
1.4 The addition of a colored dye is also required. The
colored dye must be added in a concentration sufficient to D7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol
Blends by Titration
enable the visual detection of the color in the fuel but in an
amount less than the maximum listed in Table 1. E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
Titration
1.4.1 The colored dye is added to visually indicate that the
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
product is not potable.
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
metric Karl Fischer Titration
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 denatured ethanol, n—ethanolmadeunfitforbeverage
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
use by the addition of toxic or noxious materials.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2 higher alcohols, n—aliphatic alcohols of general for-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mula C H +1OH with n being 3 to 8.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- n 2n
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1.3 hydrocarbon, n—those components in an ethanol-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
hydrocarbon blend containing only hydrogen and carbon.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Fuel Specifications
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 DenaturedEthanolforuseascookingandappliancefuel
shall conform to the specifications in Table 1.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
2
Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee E48.A0 on Product Specifications. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E3050-16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3050−16
TABLE 1 Denatured Ethanol Cooking and Appliance Fuel
effects of sampling technique, proper containers, and special
Specifications
handling required for each test method.
Property Units Limit Min/Max Test Method
6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain a
Ethanol volume % 90 Min D5501
sample represen
...

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Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel

ABSTRACT
This specification provides requirements and corresponding test methods for denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both. The addition of a denatonium benzoate and a colored dye is required. The minimum and maximum requirements for the amount in which denatonium benzoate must be added are specified. The hydrocarbons approved for use under this specification are gasoline, unleaded gasoline, natural gasoline, heptane, or rubber hydrocarbon solvent.
Also addressed in this specification are workmanship, sampling, sontainers, and sample handling. The test methods cover ethanol, water, and higher alcohols as well as acidity and solvent-washed gum content.
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1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both.  
1.1.1 This product is intentionally denatured as an additional deterrent to consumption and to avoid beverage alcohol use.  
1.1.2 This specification allows for various denaturants to be used for the intended purpose of cooking or appliance fuel. Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirement for the allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical composition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed to denature the ethanol.  
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.  
1.3 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale and retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of these activities.  
1.4 The application and intent of this product is for household cooking fuel and not for on-road motor fuel use (see D4806).  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
Note 2: This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.  
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.6.1 Exception—Some industry standard methodologies uti...

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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. The method used is a multidimensional gas chromatographic method using 1,2-dimethoxy ethane as the internal standard. The oxygenates that are analyzed are: methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methanol, tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME), n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, and tert-pentanol. Ethanol is usually not measured as a trace oxygenate since ethanol can be used as the main oxygenate compound in finished automotive spark-ignition fuels such as reformulated automotive spark-ignition fuels. The concentration range of the oxygenates covered in the ILS study was from 10 mg/kg to 2000 mg/kg. In addition this method is also suitable for the measurement of the C5 isomeric alcohols (2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol) present from the fermentation of ethanol.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off