ASTM D5442-93(2013)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes and the normal and non-normal hydrocarbons in each can be used for control of production processes as well as a guide to performance in many end uses.
5.2 Data resulting from this test method are particularly useful in evaluating petroleum waxes for use in rubber formulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes in the range from n-C17 through n-C 44 by gas chromatography using internal standardization. In addition, the content of normal and non-normal hydrocarbons for each carbon number is also determined. Material with a carbon number above n -C44 is determined by its difference from 100 mass % and reported as C45+.
1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum derived waxes, including blends of waxes. This test method is not applicable to oxygenated waxes, such as synthetic polyethylene glycols (for example, Carbowax2), or natural products such as beeswax or carnauba.
1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to waxes with oil content greater than 10 % as determined by Test Method D721.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5442 − 93 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
1
Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5442; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
Response Factors
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes in the
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
range from n-C through n-C by gas chromatography using
17 44
ships
internal standardization. In addition, the content of normal and
non-normal hydrocarbons for each carbon number is also
3. Terminology
determined. Material with a carbon number above n -C is
44
determined by its difference from 100 mass % and reported as 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
C . 3.1.1 carbon number—a number corresponding to the num-
45+
ber of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon.
1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum derived
3.1.2 cool on-column injection—a sample introduction tech-
waxes, including blends of waxes. This test method is not
nique in gas chromatography where the sample is injected
applicable to oxygenated waxes, such as synthetic polyethyl-
2
inside the front portion of a partition column at a temperature
eneglycols(forexample,Carbowax ),ornaturalproductssuch
at or below the boiling point of the most volatile component in
as beeswax or carnauba.
the sample.
1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to waxes with
3.1.3 low volume connector—a metal or glass union de-
oil content greater than 10 % as determined by Test Method
signed to connect two lengths of capillary tubing. Usually
D721.
designed so that the tubing ends are joined with a minimum of
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
either dead volume or overlap between them.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.4 non(normal paraffın)hydrocarbon (NON)— all other
standard.
hydrocarbon types excluding those hydrocarbons with carbon
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
atoms in a single length. Includes aromatics, naphthenes, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
branched hydrocarbon types.
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
3.1.5 normal paraffın—a saturated hydrocarbon which has
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
all carbon atoms bonded in a single length, without branching
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or hydrocarbon rings.
3.1.6 wall coated open tube (WCOT)—a term used to
2. Referenced Documents
specify capillary columns in which the stationary phase is
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
coated on the interior surface of the glass or fused silica tube.
D721 Test Method for Oil Content of Petroleum Waxes
Stationary phase may be cross-linked or bonded after coating.
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
Analytical Standards
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Weighedquantitiesofthepetroleumwaxandaninternal
standardarecompletelydissolvedinanappropriatesolventand
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
introduced into a gas chromatographic column that separates
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
the hydrocarbon components by increasing carbon number.
Subcommittee D02.04.0H on Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
The column temperature is linearly increased at a reproducible
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5442 – 93(2008).
rate until the sample is completely eluted from the column.
DOI: 10.1520/D5442-93R13.
2
Carbowax is a registered trademark of Union Carbide Corp.
4.2 The eluted components are detected by a flame ioniza-
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tion detector and recorded on a strip chart or computer system.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
The individual carbon numbers are identified by comparing the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. retention times obtained from a qualitative standard with the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5442 − 93 (2013)
TABLE 1 Typical Opera
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.