ASTM E1839-96(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Slimicides for the Paper Industry--Bacterial and Fungal Slime
Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Slimicides for the Paper Industry--Bacterial and Fungal Slime
SCOPE
1.1 This test method presents a procedure to evaluate the efficacy of slimicides for the control of bacterial and fungal slimes in paper mill systems and their counterparts.
1.2 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) are required and to follow them where appropriate (40 CFR 160).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E1839–96 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Efficacy of Slimicides for the Paper Industry—Bacterial and
Fungal Slime
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1839; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 furnish, n—pulp slurry fed to a paper machine. The
type of pulp (sulfite, Kraft, mechanical), the source of fiber
1.1 This test method presents a procedure to evaluate the
(virgin,recycledincludingpre-orpost-consumerwastepaper),
efficacy of slimicides for the control of bacterial and fungal
and the pH are used to designate a specific type of furnish.
slimes in paper mill systems and their counterparts.
3.1.2 pulp, n—wood separated by chemical or mechanical
1.2 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine
means into their fibrous components. The pulp is used to make
whether Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) are required and to
paper, paper board, or pulp sheets after specific treatments.
follow them where appropriate (40 CFR 160).
Hardwoodpulpismadefromtrees,suchasmaplesoroaks,and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
softwood pulp is produced from trees, such as pines.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 pulp slurry, n—an aqueous combination of cellulosic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fibers, fillers, and other additives used for specific grades of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
paper.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 slimicides, n—chemicals added during pulp and paper
2. Referenced Documents processing to control the growth of slime-forming microorgan-
isms.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
4. Summary of Test Method
E 1054 Practices for Evaluating Inactivators of Antimicro-
4.1 Bacterial cells or fungal spores are added to acid or
bial Agents Used in Disinfection, Sanitizer, Antiseptic, or
alkaline pulp slurries, or both, treated with slimicides to
Preserved Products
6 7
achievefinalconcentrationsof2 3 10 to1 3 10 bacteria/mL
2.2 TAPPI Standard:
5 6
or 10 to 10 fungal spores/mL, and incubated at appropriate
T 205 Forming Handsheets for Physical Tests of Pulp
temperature for determined time periods. Aliquots of the test
2.3 CFR Standard:
suspension are then neutralized, plated onto bacterial or fungal
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 160,
4 medium, and observed for growth. Results with biocide are
Good Laboratory Practice Standards
compared to results without biocide (control).
3. Terminology 4.2 As a performance standard, an effective slimicide is one
that shows a continued reduction in bacterial and fungal counts
3.1 Definitions:
relative to the control over the duration of the test.
5. Significance and Use
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on
Pesticides and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility of
5.1 This test method is to be used to determine if a slime
Subcommittee E35.15 on Antibacterial Agents.
control agent has application in the paper industry for control
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Replaces Test
of bacterial or fungal slime.
Methods E 599 and E 600. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition
approved in 2001 as E 1839 – 96(2001).
5.2 This test method is run in acid, alkaline, or acid and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
alkaline conditions to determine the efficacy of the slime
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
control agent.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.3 The test conditions may be modified to reflect intended
Forming Handsheets for Physical Tests of Pulp, TAPPI Test Method T 205
use patterns in typical paper mill systems, including use of
on-88, 1994–1995, TAPPI, Atlanta, GA, 30348.
actual paper mill furnish.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu-
ments, Mail Stop: SSOL, Washington, DC 20402-9328.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1839–96 (2002)
6. Apparatus 7. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Balance: 7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent chemicals shall be used in
all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
6.1.1 Plant Balance, sensitive to 0.1 g and used to weight
furnish. reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee
on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
6.1.2 Analytical Balance, sensitive to 0.1 mg and employed
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
to weigh the candidate slime control agent to be used in the
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
preparation of the stock solutions.
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
6.2 Sample Containers (Sterile), 120-mL plastic specimen
accuracy of the determination.
containers with screw-cap lids are ideal for holding test
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
materials. Other suitable containers include 150/160-mL milk
to water shall be understood to mean distilled water or water of
dilution bottles or WHIRL-PAKS.
equal purity (see Specification D 1193, Type III).
6.3 Culture Containers, Petri plates, tissue culture bottles or
7.3 Buffer for Suspending Spores and for Dilutions, sample
glass tubes (15 3 125 mm or 18 3 150 mm without lip,
containers having 100-mL phosphate buffer dilution water,
preferably of borosilicate glass).
sterile, for spore suspension have solid, sterile glass beads in
6.4 Closures, for tubes and containers.
container.
6.5 Disintegrators
7.3.1 0.25 M Phosphate Buffer Stock Solution—Dissolve 34
6.6 Flaming Equipment—Depending upon circumstances,
g of reagent grace KH PO in 500 mL of distilled water and
either an alcohol lamp, a bunsen burner, or electric incinerator 2 4
mix. Adjust to pH 7.2 with 1 N NaOH and dilute to 1 l.
may be used to flame inoculating needles and other equipment.
7.3.2 Phosphate buffer dilution water. Add 1.25 mL of 0.25
6.7 Reliable incubators that control at the temperature re-
M phosphate buffer stock solution to 1 Lof distilled water and
quired, 6 2°C. Temperatures used should be consistent with
mix. Dispense to sample container and sterilize.
the temperatures of the systems.
7.4 Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) [Al (SO ) 18H O]—Prepare
6.8 pH Meter—Any reliable pH meter is suitable to stan- 2 4 3 2
a 0.4 % solution of the hydrated aluminum in distilled water
dardize the pH of the culture.
and sterilize in an autoclave. Any loss of water during
6.9 Pipets—1.1-mLmilk dilution type, 1.0 mLgraduated in
sterilization is made up by adding sterile distilled water.
0.01 mL, and 10 mL graduated in 0.1 mL. Pipetters may be
Alternately, the solution may be filter sterilized.
used, but not for highly viscous materials.
7.5 Acid and Base for pH Adjustment to Make Acid and
6.9.1 Pipetting Aid—Rubber bulb or other device to accom-
Alkaline Furnish:
plish the transfer of liquid.
7.5.1 Prepare a 2 N solution of sulfuric acid in water.
6.10 Sterilizers, steam sterilizer (121°C) or hot-air oven
Sterilize by filtration.
(180 6 2°C for 2 h), or both.
7.5.2 Preparea2.0 Nsolutionofsodiumhydroxideinwater.
6.11 Filter Apparatus for Filter Sterilizing, Disposable filter
Sterilize by filtration.
units, appropriate volume, 0.22-µm pore size.
7.6 Pulp—A two-third hardwood and one-third softwood
6.12 Sterile Funnel, with sterile glass wool or sterile cotton
pulp, typical of current production techniques, and that has
gauze for filtration of spores.
been produced without slimicide is needed. Disintegrate the
6.13 Colony counter, manual, such as the Quebec, Buck,
sheet in distilled water until free of fiber clots and undispersed
Wolffhuegel, or equivalent; or a colony image analyzer
fiber bundles. Avoid methods which involve extensive cutting
(electronic/scanner type) are suitable for counting plates after
offibers.Theconcentrationofthepulpinwatershouldbe1 %.
incubation. A hand tally for recording of bacteria count is
7.7 Bacterial and Fungal Culture Medium:
recommended.
7.7.1 Bacteria—Standard dehydrated tryptone glucose ex-
6.14 Swabs, sterile, for aiding in removal of fungal spores
tract agar or equivalent is recommended. Adjust pH of culture
from agar surface.
medium to pH of the test system.
6.15 Hemacytometer, for counting spore suspension.
7.7.2 Fungi—Sabouraud Dextrose Agar or Potato Dextrose
6.16 Microscope, that provides a magnification of 400 to
Agar are recommended for enumeration. Adjust pH of culture
10003 and is complete with a suitable light source. Phase
medium to pH of the test system.
contrast or dark field capability is desirable.
6.17 Constant Temperature Shaker—A reliable constant-
temperature shaker (water bath or incubator type), shall be
used to provide mixing and aeration and to maintain a selected
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
temperature (6 2°C) during the contact period.
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
6.18 Mechanical Stirrer—Magnetic or propeller-type stir- listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
rers or any other suitable device.
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
MD.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Zellerbach, 808 Rhodes Ave., Columbus, OH 43205. If you are aware of
FormingHandsheetsforPhysicalTestsofPulp.AppendixA:Specificationsand alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your
Care of Apparatus (Disintegrator), TAPPI Test Method T 205 on-88. 1994–1995. comments will
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