ASTM E192-04
(Specification)Standard Reference Radiographs for Investment Steel Castings of Aerospace Applications
Standard Reference Radiographs for Investment Steel Castings of Aerospace Applications
SCOPE
1.1 The reference radiographs provided in the adjunct to this standard illustrate various types and degrees of discontinuities occurring in thin-wall steel investment castings. Use of this standard for the specification or grading of castings requires procurement of the adjunct reference radiographs which illustrate the discontinuity types and severity levels. They are intended to provide the following:
1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of thin-wall steel casting discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and degree through radiographic examination.
1.1.2 Example radiographic illustrations of discontinuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications and drawings.
1.2 Two illustration categories are covered as follows:
1.2.1 GradedSix common discontinuity types each illustrated in eight degrees of progressively increasing severity.
1.2.2 UngradedTwelve single illustrations of additional discontinuity types and of patterns and imperfections not generally regarded as discontinuities.
1.3 The reference radiographs were developed for casting sections up to 1 in. [25.4 mm] in thickness.
1.4 This document may be used where there is no other applicable document existing or for other material thicknesses for which it is found to be applicable and for which agreement has been reached between the purchaser and manufacturer. Note 1The set of reference radiographs, produced with X-rays in the range from 130 to 250 kVp, consist of 16 plates (81 /2 by 11 in. [216 by 279 mm]) in a 93 /4 by 111/2-in. [248 by 292-mm] ring binder.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:E192–04
Standard Reference Radiographs of
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Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 Thereferenceradiographsprovidedintheadjuncttothis
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
standard illustrate various types and degrees of discontinuities
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occurring in thin-wall steel investment castings. Use of this
2. Referenced Documents
standard for the specification or grading of castings requires
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
procurement of the adjunct reference radiographs which illus-
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
trate the discontinuity types and severity levels. They are
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
intended to provide the following:
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indi-
1.1.1 Aguide enabling recognition of thin-wall steel casting
cators (IQI) Used for Radiology
discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
degree through radiographic examination.
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
1.1.2 Example radiographic illustrations of discontinuities
Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castings for
and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards,
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Aerospace Applications
specifications and drawings.
1.2 Two illustration categories are covered as follows:
3. Terminology
1.2.1 Graded—Six common discontinuity types each illus-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this standard
trated in eight degrees of progressively increasing severity.
may be found in Terminology E1316, Section D.
1.2.2 Ungraded—Twelve single illustrations of additional
3.2 The terms relating to discontinuities present in these
discontinuity types and of patterns and imperfections not
reference radiographs are described based upon radiographic
generally regarded as discontinuities.
appearance. The terms “darker” and “lighter” as used in this
1.3 The reference radiographs were developed for casting
standard refer to the optical density of a radiographic film.
sections up to 1 in. [25.4 mm] in thickness.
Where other radiographic imaging media are used, these terms
1.4 This document may be used where there is no other
should be understood to refer to areas of greater or lesser
applicable document existing or for other material thicknesses
radiologic transmission, respectively.
for which it is found to be applicable and for which agreement
3.2.1 Gas:
has been reached between the purchaser and manufacturer.
3.2.1.1 gas holes—round or elongated, smooth edged dark
NOTE 1—The set of reference radiographs, produced with X-rays in the
spots, occurring individually, in clusters, or distributed ran-
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range from 130 to 250 kVp, consist of 16 plates (8 ⁄2 by 11 in. [216 by 279
domly throughout the casting.
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mm]) in a 9 ⁄4 by 11 ⁄2-in. [248 by 292-mm] ring binder.
3.2.2 Shrinkage:
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2.2.1 shrinkage cavity— an area with distinct jagged
as the standard.
boundaries.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2.2 shrinkage, sponge—an area, lacy in texture, with a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
very diffuse outline.
3.2.2.3 shrinkage, dendritic—a distribution of very fine
lines or small elongated cavities that may vary in darkness and
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These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
are usually unconnected.
E07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E07.02 on Reference Radiographs.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
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approvedin1962.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1995asE192 - 95(1999).DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E0192-04. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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The reference radiographs are considered to be applicable to all thin-wall steel Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
castings, requiring close tolerances. Such castings generally include those made by the ASTM website.
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the lost wax, frozen mercury, ceramicast or shell mold processes. Available from ASTM Headquarters, Order RRE0192.
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