ASTM D6927-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of Bituminous Mixtures
Standard Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of Bituminous Mixtures
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of resistance to plastic flow of 102 mm (4 in.) cylindrical specimens of bituminous paving mixture loaded in a direction perpendicular to the cylindrical axis by means of the Marshall apparatus. This test method is for use with dense graded bituminous mixtures prepared with asphalt cement (modified and unmodified), cutback asphalt, tar, and tar-rubber with maximum size aggregate up to 25 mm (1 in.) in size (passing 25 mm (1 in.) sieve).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6927–05
Standard Test Method for
1
Marshall Stability and Flow of Bituminous Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 6926 Test Method for Preparation of Bituminous Speci-
mens Using Marshall Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers measurement of resistance to
plastic flow of 102 mm (4 in.) cylindrical specimens of
3. Significance and Use
bituminous paving mixture loaded in a direction perpendicular
3.1 Marshall stability and flow values along with density;
tothecylindricalaxisbymeansoftheMarshallapparatus.This
air voids in the total mix, voids in the mineral aggregate, or
test method is for use with dense graded bituminous mixtures
voids, or both, filled with asphalt are used for laboratory mix
prepared with asphalt cement (modified and unmodified),
design and evaluation of bituminous mixtures. In addition,
cutback asphalt, tar, and tar-rubber with maximum size aggre-
Marshall stability and flow can be used to monitor the plant
gate up to 25 mm (1 in.) in size (passing 25 mm (1 in.) sieve).
process of producing bituminous mixture. Marshall stability
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
andflowmayalsobeusedtorelativelyevaluatedifferentmixes
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
and the effects of conditioning such as with water.
only.
3.1.1 Marshall stability and flow are bituminous mixture
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
characteristics determined from tests of compacted specimens
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of a specified geometry. The Marshall Test can be conducted
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
with two different types of equipment: (1) MethodA—using a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
loadingframewithaloadringandadialgaugefordeformation
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or flow meter (Traditional Method) or (2) Method B—using a
2. Referenced Documents load-deformation recorder in conjunction with a load cell and
2
linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) or other auto-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
matic recording device (Automated Method).
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
3.1.2 Typically,Marshallstabilityisthepeakresistanceload
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
obtained during a constant rate of deformation loading se-
D 1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
quence. However, depending on the composition and behavior
ofCompactedBituminousMixturesUsingParaffin-Coated
of the mixture, a less defined type of failure has been observed,
Specimens
as illustrated in Fig. 1. As an alternative method, Marshall
D 2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
stability can also be defined as the load obtained, when the rate
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
of loading increase begins to decrease, such that the curve
D 3549 Test Method for Thickness or Height of Compacted
starts to become horizontal, as shown in the bottom graph of
Bituminous Paving Mixture Specimens
Fig. 1. The magnitude of Marshall Stability varies with
D 6752 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
aggregate type and grading and bitumen type, grade and
of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Automatic
amount. Various agencies have criteria for Marshall stability.
Vacuum Sealing Method
3.1.3 Marshall flow is a measure of deformation (elastic
plus plastic) of the bituminous mix determined during the
stability test. In both types of failure, the Marshall flow is the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
total sample deformation from the point where the projected
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.20 on
tangent of the linear part of the curve intersects the x-axis
Mechanical Tests of Bituminous Mixtures.
(deformation) to the point where the curve starts to become
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2005.PublishedJuly2005.Originallyapproved
in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 6927 – 04.
horizontal. As shown in Fig. 1, this latter point usually
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
corresponds to the peak stability; however, as an alternative
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
when the failure condition is not clearly defined, it can be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. selected as the point
...
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