ASTM D5431-08(2013)
(Specification)Standard Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and Household Use
Standard Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and Household Use
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven and knitted products intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.
4.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This product meets ASTM Specification ____ except for the following characteristic(s).”
4.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular product.
4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods. For additional information see Test Methods D629, Practice D1776, and Guide D3938.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of specific performance characteristics of importance in woven and knit flat, fitted, and waterbed sheet products for use in institutional and household environments.
1.2 This specification may be used by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier to establish purchasing specification requirements.
1.3 The requirements in Table 1 apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.
1.4 This specification is not applicable to woven and knit products used for sheet blankets or to woven and knitted sheet products used for apparel.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D5431 −08 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and
Household Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5431; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics
by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-
1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of specific
Traverse Tensile Testing Machine) (Withdrawn 1995)
performance characteristics of importance in woven and knit
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
flat, fitted, and waterbed sheet products for use in institutional
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
and household environments.
D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel,
1.2 This specification may be used by mutual agreement
Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
between the purchaser and the supplier to establish purchasing
D3512 TestMethodforPillingResistanceandOtherRelated
specification requirements.
Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble
Pilling Tester
1.3 The requirements in Table 1 apply to the length and
width directions for those properties where fabric direction is D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile
Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
pertinent.
D3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—
1.4 This specification is not applicable to woven and knit
Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
products used for sheet blankets or to woven and knitted sheet
D3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and
products used for apparel.
Knitted Fabrics
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D3938 Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instruc-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tions for Apparel and Other Textile Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.2 AATCC Methods:
8 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method
2. Referenced Documents
15 Colorfastness to Perspiration
2.1 ASTM Standards: 16A Colorfastness to Light: Carbon-Arc Lamp, Continuous
Light
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles 16E Colorfastness to Light: Water-Cooled Xenon-Arc
Lamp, Continuous Light
D1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles
(Withdrawn 2010) 61 Colorfastness to Laundering, Home, and Commercial:
D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Accelerated
Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus 88B Appearance of Seams in Durable Press Items After
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles Repeated Home Launderings
96 Dimensional Changes in Commercial Laundering of
Woven and Knitted Fabrics Except Wool
116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crockmeter
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
Method
D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home
Furnishings.
124 Appearance of Fabrics After Repeated Home Launder-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
ing
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5431–08. DOI:
135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering
10.1520/D5431-08R13.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or of Woven and Knit Fabrics
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
www.astm.org. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5431−08 (2013)
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
Requirements
Woven
Characteristics
Non-flannel Knitted
Flannel Section
Polyester/Cotton 100 % Cotton Flannel/Non-flannel
Breaking Force 7.1
A
CRT Method Each Direction 222 N (50 lbf) min 178 N (40 lbf) min 156 N (35 lbf) min
A
Bursting Force 222 N (50 lbf) min 7.1.2
A
Tear Resistance, Elmendorf 7.1.3
Each Direction 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) min
Pilling 4.0 NA NA 4.0 7.1.4
Dimensional Change: 7.1.5
Durable Press (In Each Direction) 5 % max 5 % max 3.5 % max 4 % max
Nondurable Press (Nonpreshrunk)
Length 8 % max 8 % max 8 % max
Width 6 % max 6 % max 6 % max
Preshrunk (In Each Direction) 2 % max 3 % max 3.5 % max
Laundered Appearance Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable 7.2.1
B
Fabric Appearance SA 3.0 min SA 2.2 min NA SA 3.0 min 7.1.6
Bow and Skewness 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 7.1.7
C
Colorfastness To:
Laundering: 7.1.8.1
D D D D
Alteration in Shade Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min
E E E E
Staining Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
Crocking: 7.1.8.2
F F F F
Dry Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min
F F F F
Wet Class3min Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
Light (20 AATCC FU), 7.1.8.3
E D D D D
Xenon-Arc Step 4 min Step 4 min Step 4 min Step 4 min
Perspiration 7.1.8.4
D D D D
Alteration In Shade Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min
E E E E
Staining Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
Flammability Class I Class I Class I Class I 7.1.9
A
There is more than one standard method that can be used to measure breaking force, bursting force, tear resistance, and lightfastness. These methods cannot be used
interchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them. See Notes 2-5 and Note 8.
B
Recommended requirement for Easy Care Products which must be ironed.
C
Class in colorfastness and 5Arating is based on a numerical scale of 5.0 for negligible color change, color transfer, or wrinkling to 1.0 for very severe color change, color
transfer or wrinkling. The numerical rating in Table 1 or higher is acceptable.
D
AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.
E
AATCC Gray Scale for Staining.
F
AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.
143 Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile End Products 3.1.6 sheet, n—in textiles, a large rectangular fabricated
After Repeated Home Launderings product which is used over a mattress on a bed. The product
Evaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color Change may be carded or combed yarn in a wide range of fabric
Evaluation Procedure 2 Gray Scale for Staining constructions.
3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this specification give only the
pertinent part of the designation ofASTM,AATCC, or other test methods.
specification, refer to the individual ASTM and AATCC test
The current edition of each test method shall prevail.
methods, Terminology D123 and Terminology D3136, or your
dictionary.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
4. Significance and Use
3.1.1 fitted sheet, n— in textiles, a product usually made
4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
with boxed corners, sometimes elasticized with shape and size
supplier, woven and knitted products intended for this end use
to conform to the contours of the mattress and used for
should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this
covering the mattress on a bed.
specification.
3.1.2 flannel, n—as applied to bed sheeting, a napped fabric
4.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or
used in the fabrication of sheeting products.
aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these
3.1.3 flat sheet, n—in textiles, a flat, hemmed product,
fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all
usuallyrectangular,usedforcoveringthemattressonabedand
of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the
used for sleeping on or under.
requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual
3.1.4 muslin, n—as applied to bed sheeting, a plain weave
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
2 2
fabric with not fewer than 128 yarns/in. (128 yarns/645 mm ).
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall
3.1.5 percale, n—as applied to bed sheeting, a plain weave specify that: “This product meets ASTM Specification ____
2 2
fabric with not fewer than 180 yarns/in. (180 yarns/645 mm ). except for the following characteristic(s).”
D5431−08 (2013)
between the purchaser and the supplier. There may be no overall
4.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached
correlation between the results obtained with the CRT machine and with
between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of
theCREmachine.Consequently,thesetwobreakingloadtesterscannotbe
controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to
used interchangeably. In case of contro
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