ASTM D7859-13
(Practice)Standard Practice for Spraying, Sampling, Packaging, and Test Specimen Preparation of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation for Testing of Emissions Using Environmental Chambers
Standard Practice for Spraying, Sampling, Packaging, and Test Specimen Preparation of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation for Testing of Emissions Using Environmental Chambers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Manufacturers of SPF insulation may need to test their products for vapor-phase emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in order to comply with voluntary standards, purchase specifications, or other requirements.
5.2 Since SPF insulation is formed by chemical reaction when combining a two-component mixture during spraying, specialized equipment and procedures are needed to reproducibly create representative samples suitable for emission testing.
5.3 SPF insulation product manufacturer’s specifications and instructions must be followed carefully and detailed information regarding the spraying process must be recorded (see 7.3). Other precautions regarding handling and shipping are needed to ensure that the chemical integrity of samples is preserved to the extent possible by practical means (see 7.5).
5.4 Laboratories must prepare representative test specimens from samples of SPF insulation in a consistent manner so that emission tests can be reproduced and reliable comparisons can be made between test data for different samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes standardized procedures for the preparation, spraying, packaging, and shipping of fresh spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation product samples to be tested for their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). These procedures are applicable to both closed-cell and open-cell SPF insulation products. Potential chemical emissions of interest include blowing agents, solvents, aldehydes, amine catalysts, diisocyanates, and flame retardants.
1.2 Typically, SPF insulation samples are prepared at one location, such as a chemical manufacturing facility or a field product installation site. The newly prepared samples are preserved in a sealed bag, placed in a secondary container, and then shipped to a laboratory for testing.
1.3 The spraying of SPF insulation products is only to be performed by trained individuals using professional spraying equipment under controlled conditions. The details of the spraying equipment and spraying procedures are based on industry practice and are outside of the scope of this practice.
1.4 This practice also describes procedures for the laboratory preparation of test specimens from open-cell and closed-cell SPF insulation product samples. These specimens are prepared for testing in small-scale chambers following Guide D5116 and in micro-scale chambers that are described in Practice D7706.
1.5 Procedures for VOC and SVOC emission testing, gas sample collection and chemical analysis are outside of the scope of this practice. Such procedures will need to address the potential for emissions of some SVOCs, for example, amine catalysts, flame retardant and isocyanates, to adhere to the chamber walls.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7859 − 13
StandardPractice for
Spraying, Sampling, Packaging, and Test Specimen
Preparation of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation
for Testing of Emissions Using Environmental Chambers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice describes standardized procedures for the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
preparation, spraying, packaging, and shipping of fresh spray
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation product samples to be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tested for their emissions of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs).These
2. Referenced Documents
proceduresareapplicabletobothclosed-cellandopen-cellSPF
2.1 ASTM Standards:
insulation products. Potential chemical emissions of interest
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
include blowing agents, solvents, aldehydes, amine catalysts,
Atmospheres
diisocyanates, and flame retardants.
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
1.2 Typically, SPF insulation samples are prepared at one
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
location, such as a chemical manufacturing facility or a field
terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
product installation site. The newly prepared samples are
Products
preserved in a sealed bag, placed in a secondary container, and
D7706 Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissions
then shipped to a laboratory for testing.
from Products Using Micro-Scale Chambers
1.3 The spraying of SPF insulation products is only to be
3. Terminology
performed by trained individuals using professional spraying
3.1 For definitions of terms commonly used for sampling
equipment under controlled conditions. The details of the
and analysis of atmospheres, refer to Terminology D1356. For
spraying equipment and spraying procedures are based on
definitions of terms commonly used when testing products and
industry practice and are outside of the scope of this practice.
materials for VOC emissions, refer to Guide D5116.
1.4 This practice also describes procedures for the labora-
3.2 A-Side—polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
tory preparation of test specimens from open-cell and closed-
(MDI)whichistypicallypredominantlycomprisedof4,4-MDI
cell SPF insulation product samples. These specimens are
and higher molecular weight oligomers of MDI.
prepared for testing in small-scale chambers following Guide
D5116 and in micro-scale chambers that are described in
3.3 B-side—polyol system, or resin system, that is com-
Practice D7706.
prised mostly of polyol(s), with smaller amounts of catalyst(s),
flame retardant(s), blowing agent(s), and other additives.
1.5 Procedures for VOC and SVOC emission testing, gas
sample collection and chemical analysis are outside of the 3.4 Open-cell SPF—SPFthatcontainscellsorvoidsthatare
scope of this practice. Such procedures will need to address the largely interconnected. Open-cell SPF insulation typically has
potential for emissions of some SVOCs, for example, amine a density between 6.4 to 9.6 kilograms per cubic metre when
catalysts, flame retardant and isocyanates, to adhere to the fully cured.
chamber walls.
3.5 Closed-cell SPF—SPF that contains cells or voids that
arenotinterconnected.Closed-cellSPFinsulationtypicallyhas
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
a density between 24 to 32 kilograms per cubic metre when
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
fully cured.
standard.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D7859-13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7859 − 13
4. Summary of Practice inside the gun, gun tip, and purge system; proportioning
machine with pumps, pressure controls and heating capacity;
4.1 This practice is applicable to open-cell and closed-cell
and heated hoses. Contact the SPF equipment manufacturer for
spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation. Procedures are
details concerning the spraying equipment. (Warning—DO
described for the preparation, spraying, packaging, shipping,
NOT attempt to create SPF insulation samples without the
and test specimen preparation of small, representative samples
proper spraying equipment or without proper training in the
oftheseproducts.Thesamplesarethensenttoalaboratoryand
operation of this equipment including the use of appropriate
tested for emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic
personal protective equipment. )
compounds in environmental test chambers described in Guide
D5116 and Practice D7706. 6.2 Substrate Material—Clean high-density polyethylene
(HDPE) sheets, cut to minimum dimensions of 30 by 30-cm,
4.2 Samples are prepared by trained and competent opera-
with a minimum thickness of 9-mm.
tors using professional spraying equipment. Detailed instruc-
tions on the selection and operation of this equipment are 6.3 Knife or saw, clean and free of cutting oils and other
outside of the scope of this practice. This practice specifies the organic contaminants.
information to be collected during the spraying operation. A
6.4 Circular foam coring toolconstructedofsteeltocutSPF
test sample is sprayed to a defined thickness and size onto a
insulation samples to fit tightly into sample holders or directly
defined substrate. The sample is wrapped with aluminum foil,
into micro-scale chambers as described in Practice D7706.
packaged in a layered polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bag,
6.5 Layered polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bags, with a
placed in a secondary container, and sent to the laboratory on
middle layer of aluminum foil and an inner layer of linear low
the same day it is sprayed and prepared, if possible.
density polyethylene (LLDPE), light resistant, preferably with
4.3 Testing is to begin within 48 h of the time the sample is
zipper seal (zipper seal may not be available on larger sized
sprayed and prepared. When testing in a small-scale environ-
bags), composite layer approximately 0.127-mm thick. Bags
mental chamber, the laboratory cuts the sample to create a test
are available commercially for food storage and should be
specimen of a defined thickness and size. The thickness varies
sized to minimize headspace when the sample is placed in the
withproducttypeasspecifiedin8.3and8.4.Thetestspecimen
bag.
is placed into a tight-fitting stainless-steel holder with only the
NOTE1—Foropen-cellSPFproducts,abagsizeofapproximately51by
upper face of the product exposed. The specimen in its holder
76 cm has been found to be suitable. For closed-cell SPF products, a bag
is transferred to the test chamber. Specialized procedures are
size of approximately 46 by 71 cm has been found to be suitable.
described in 8.5 for preparing specimens for testing in micro-
6.6 Packaging tape, clear, approximately 5-cm wide.
scale chambers.
6.7 Stainless steel sample holder with open top; dimensions
5. Significance and Use are described in 8.3.3 and 8.4.3 depending on the type of
material being tested.
5.1 Manufacturers of SPF insulation may need to test their
products for vapor-phase emissions of volatile and semi- 6.8 Stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) shims
volatile organic compounds in order to comply with voluntary for sample holder, as necessary.
standards, purchase specifications, or other requirements.
6.9 Aluminum foil, clean, heavy-gauge roll, approximately
5.2 Since SPF insulation is formed by chemical reaction 0.024-mm thick.
when combining a two-component mixture during spraying,
6.10 Shipping container, sturdy and insulated secondary
specialized equipment and procedures are needed to reproduc-
container such as a recreational cooler or a molded insulated
ibly create representative samples suitable for emission testing.
shipping container housed in a cardboard box. The insulated
5.3 SPF insulation product manufacturer’s specifications container should be as air tight as possible.
and instructions must be followed carefully and detailed
7. Sample Preparation
information regarding the spraying process must be recorded
(see 7.3). Other precautions regarding handling and shipping
7.1 Prepare and spray the SPF insulation sample either in a
are needed to ensure that the chemical integrity of samples is
controlled spray booth or room at a product manufacturing
preserved to the extent possible by practical means (see 7.5).
location or in the field at a building application site using the
equipment and processing parameters that are specified by the
5.4 Laboratories must prepare representative test specimens
SPF insulation product manufacturer for application of the
from samples of SPF insulation in a consistent manner so that
product in buildings. The spray booth or room should be
emission tests can be reproduced and reliable comparisons can
maintained at a constant temperature of 23 6 2°C and relative
be made between test data for different samples.
humidity of ≤80%. However, the preparer may elect to utilize
different environmental parameters in the spray booth or room
6. Materials
tomimicaparticularfieldcondition(forexample,coldweather
6.1 Spray gun and related spraying equipment for applica-
application). Environmental conditions of the spray booth or
tion of the SPF insulation product shall be as specified by the
SPF insulation product manufacturer. The main equipment
components typically consist of: spray gun with impingement
SPF applicator on-line health and safety training is available from the Center
mixing technology for mixing the two part liquid product for the Polyurethanes Industry at www.spraypolyurethane.org
D7859 − 13
room must be documented. For safety and to ensure that pass). An additional lift may be performed if it is necessary to
samples are prepared properly, preparation and spraying must achieve the proper thickness.
be conducted by a trained and competent operator. Follow all
7.5 Packaging and Shipping:
applicable safety instructions.
7.5.1 After spraying, wait one hour to allow curing of the
SPF insulation material.Wrap the sample, including the HDPE
NOTE 2—Industry programs that accredit spray foam contractors and
operators are available.
substrate, with at least one layer of clean aluminum foil. Then,
place the entire wrapped sample into a layered PET bag of a
7.2 PriortosprayingtheSPFinsulationsample,theoperator
size that minimizes the headspace over the sample. To further
shall ensure that the container of the B-side material of the
minimize headspace, manually force as much air out of the bag
product is adequately mixed if specified by the manufacturer.
as possible, but do not use any vacuum. Record the time the
Prior to spraying, the operator flushes the spray equipment
sample is packaged.
using the product formulation to be tested so that potential
7.5.2 Label the outside of the layered PET storage bag with
residualsfrompreviously-sprayedproductsdonotcontaminate
sample identification, but DO NOTwrite on the SPF insulation
the sample. Flush theA- and B-side hoses with the material to
samples, aluminum foil or substrate. If the bag has a zipper
be sprayed using volume equal to at least three times the hose
seal,closethezipper.Sealagainbycreatinga5-cmfold,repeat
volume. If the spray gun incorporates a self-cleaning mecha-
the fold several times, and then apply packaging tape to the
nism (that is, solvent), the solvent name and its Chemical
fold. Do not heat-seal the layered PET bag.
Abstract Service (CAS) registry number are recorded and
7.5.3 Place layered PET bag(s) in a sturdy and insulated
communicated to the laboratory.
secondary container such as a recreational cooler or a molded
7.3 At the time of spraying, record the following informa-
insulated shipping container housed in a cardboard box. The
tion:
insulated container should be as air tight as possible. The
7.3.1 Spray operator name, affiliation, and, if applicable,
sample is now ready for shipment to the laboratory. Do not add
certifications/accreditations;
ice packs to the shipping container or expose the shipping
7.3.2 SPF insulation product manufacturer name, product
container to excessive heat.
name, whether open-cell or closed cell formulation, and lot
NOTE 3—This practice does not address the impact of environmental
numbers of the A- and B-side SPF materials;
conditions during shipping on emissions tests. It is recommended to place
7.3.3 Manufacturer, model, and serial numbers for spray
electronic data loggers that monitor pressure, temperature and relative
gun, gun tip, proportioner, and other related spraying equip-
humidity inside the shipping container to record these parameters during
ment;
transport. If data loggers are used during transport, record the data upon
7.3.4 Spray booth or room temperature, relative humidity, receipt in the laboratory as specified in 8.1. The data can be used to
evaluate sources of variability during transport. Some carriers offer
and barometric pressure;
temperature controlled services for temperature sensitive products.
7.3.5 A-side and B-side preheater set-point temperatures,
static (not spraying) and dynamic (spraying) pressures, and 7.5.4 Complete a chain of custody using Guide D4840.
Send the prepared SPF insulation sample, the chain of custody,
hose heater set-point temperature;
andtheinformationcollectedregardingsamplepreparationand
7.3.6 Date and time sample was sprayed, number of lifts
(layers or passes) used to create the sample. packaging to the testing laboratory. Specify to the laboratory if
the surface skin of the sample needs to be removed to simulate
7.3.7 If known, whether or not the surface skin of the
sample will be trimmed in the field to align the SPF surface trimming in the field to align the SPF surface with wall studs
or other structural eleme
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