ASTM D8166-21a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and Bottle Sampler Automatic Particle Condition Monitors
Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and Bottle Sampler Automatic Particle Condition Monitors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field to evaluate the cleanliness of distillate fuels, and liquid biofuels, such as biodiesel and diesel blends. This specific test method and the precision statement applies to off-line analysis.
Note 4: These PCMs can be used for high pressure on-line applications as well, however the repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) for on-line application were not established.
5.2 An increase in particulate counts can indicate a change in the fuel condition caused for example by contamination during storage or transfer. Potential causes of particulates formation during storage could be “fuel-degradation products,” as described in Specification D975, Appendix X3.
5.3 High levels of particles can cause filter blockages (especially when the particles are close in size to the filter porosity rating) and have a serious impact on the life of pumps, injectors, pistons, and other moving parts. Knowledge of particle size in relation to the metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of particles is also known from other sources.
5.4 This test method specifies a minimum requirement for reporting measurements in particle size bands (A1.2.1). Some specific applications may require measurements in other particle size bands. The particle count from the test should be carefully interpreted by the user as it can potentially over-state risk of abrasive damage or filter blocking due to counting water droplets as well as hard dirt particles.
5.5 In situations where there is a requirement for the calibration of the apparatus to be in accordance with ISO 11171, Test Methods D7619, IP 565, or IP 577 should be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses specific automatic particle condition monitors (PCMs) to count and measure the size of dispersed dirt particles, water droplets and other particulates, in middle distillate fuel, in the overall range from 4 µm to 70 µm and in the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, ≥14 µm, and ≥30 µm.
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision only, see Section 14 for more information.
Note 1: ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975, D1655, D3699, D7467, MIL-DTL-83133, MIL-DTL-5624, and distillate grades of D396 and D2880.
Note 2: For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a single larger particle. Dirt includes microbial particulates. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a circle for the purposes of this test method. The detector is unable to distinguish between dirt and water particles.
Note 3: This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 70 µm, however the interim repeatability has only been determined for the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, and ≥14 µm. All measurements are counts per millilitre.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D8166 − 21a
Standard Test Method for
Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels
and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and
1
Bottle Sampler Automatic Particle Condition Monitors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method uses specific automatic particle condi- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion monitors (PCMs) to count and measure the size of D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
disperseddirtparticles,waterdropletsandotherparticulates,in D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
middle distillate fuel, in the overall range from 4 µm to 70 µm D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
and in the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, ≥14 µm, and ≥30 µm. D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D3699 Specification for Kerosine
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
only, see Section 14 for more information.
Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
method include Specifications: D975, D1655, D3699, D7467, MIL-DTL-
Fuels, and Lubricants
83133, MIL-DTL-5624, and distillate grades of D396 and D2880.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
NOTE 2—For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are
Petroleum Products
counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted
as a single larger particle. Dirt includes microbial particulates. Although
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
diameter of a circle for the purposes of this test method. The detector is
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
unable to distinguish between dirt and water particles.
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
NOTE 3—This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
70 µm, however the interim repeatability has only been determined for the
size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, and ≥14 µm. All measurements are counts per
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
millilitre.
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
(B6 to B20)
standard. D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in
Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Counter
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3
2.2 U.S. Dept. of Defense Specifications:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
MIL-DTL-5624 Specification: Turbine Fuel, Aviation,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Grades JP-4 (NATO F-40 and JP-5 (NATO F-44)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
MIL-DTL-83133 Specification: Turbine Fuel, Aviation,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Kerosene Type, JP-8 (NATO F-34), NATO F-35, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
JP-8+100 (NATO F-37)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4
2.3 ISO Standards:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ISO 12103 Road vehicles—Test contaminants for filter
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
evaluation—Part 1: Arizona test dust
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved March 1, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally Available online at ASSIST Quick Search (http://quicksearch.dla.mil).
4
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D8166 – 21. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D8166-21A. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this sta
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8166 − 21 D8166 − 21a
Standard Test Method for
Sizing and Counting Particulates in Light and Middle
Distillate Fuels and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using
Continuous Flow and Bottle Sampler Automatic Particle
1
CountersCondition Monitors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method uses specific automatic particle counters (APCs) condition monitors (PCMs) to count and measure the size
of dispersed dirt particles, water droplets and other particulates, in light and middle distillate fuel, in the overall range from
4 μm(c)4 μm to 70 μm(c)70 μm and in the size bands ≥4 μm(c), ≥6 μm(c), ≥14 μm(c), and ≥30 μm(c).≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, ≥14 μm, and
≥30 μm.
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975, D1655, D3699, D7467, MIL-DTL-83133,
MIL-DTL-5624, and distillate grades of D396 and D2880.
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision only, see Section 14 for more information.
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975, D1655, D3699, D7467, MIL-DTL-83133,
MIL-DTL-5624, and distillate grades of D396 and D2880.
NOTE 2—For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a single
larger particle. Dirt includes microbial particulates. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a circle for
the purposes of this test method. The detector is unable to distinguish between dirt and water particles.
NOTE 3—This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 70 μm, however the interim repeatability has only been determined for the size bands
≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm. All measurements are counts per millilitre.
NOTE 2—For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a single
larger particle. Dirt includes microbial particulates. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a circle for
the purposes of this test method. The detector is unable to distinguish between dirt and water particles.
NOTE 3—This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 70 μm(c), however the interim repeatability has only been determined for the size
bands ≥4 μm(c), ≥6 μm(c), and ≥14 μm(c). All measurements are per millilitre.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021March 1, 2021. Published February 2021March 2021. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 20172021 as
D8166 – 17.D8166 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D8166-21.10.1520/D8166-21A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D8166 − 21a
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D3699 Specification for Kerosine
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4
...
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