ASTM D4191-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sodium salts are very soluble, and sodium leached from soil and rocks tends to remain in solution. Water with a high ratio of sodium to calcium is deleterious to soil structure.
Sodium is not particularly significant in potable water except for those persons having an abnormal sodium metabolism, but water supplies in some areas contain sufficient sodium to be a factor in the planning of sodium-free diets.
The use of sodium salts is common in industry; therefore, many industrial wastewaters contain significant quantities of sodium. For high-pressure boiler feed-water even trace amounts of sodium are of concern.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of low amounts of sodium in waters having low solids content. The applicable range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line (see Test Method D 3561). Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer system available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the experience and skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range.
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked reagent water. It is the analyst's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method to other low dissolved solids matrices.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4191 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of low
2 Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
amounts of sodium in waters having low solids content. The
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
applicable range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L
D3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium
when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be
Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic
extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of
Absorption Spectrophotometry
sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
(see Test Method D3561). Many workers have found that this
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
test method is reliable for sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
of this test method at this low level is dependent on the
configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer system available in
3. Terminology
the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the expe-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
rience and skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in
the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked
4.1 Sodium is determined by flame atomic absorption spec-
reagent water. It is the analyst’s responsibility to assure the
trophotometry.The sodium content is determined by aspirating
validity of the test method to other low dissolved solids
the low solids sample directly with no sample pretreatment.
matrices.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5.1 Sodium salts are very soluble, and sodium leached from
standard.
soil and rocks tends to remain in solution. Water with a high
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ratio of sodium to calcium is deleterious to soil structure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Sodium is not particularly significant in potable water
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
except for those persons having an abnormal sodium
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
metabolism, but water supplies in some areas contain sufficient
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sodium to be a factor in the planning of sodium-free diets.
2. Referenced Documents 5.3 The use of sodium salts is common in industry;
3 therefore, many industrial wastewaters contain significant
2.1 ASTM Standards:
quantities of sodium. For high-pressure boiler feed-water even
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
trace amounts of sodium are of concern.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
6. Interferences
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
6.1 In the analysis of low-solids water, interferences are
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
usually negligible.
in Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4191 – 03. DOI:
7. Apparatus
10.1520/D4191-08.
2 7.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for use at 589.6
Platte, J.A., and Marcy,V. M., “ANewTool for theWater Chemist,” Industrial
Water Engineering, May 1965 .
nm.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 1—The manufacturer’s instructions should be followed for all
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on instrumental parameters. Wavelengths other than 589.6 nm may be used
the ASTM website. only if they have been determined to be equally suitable.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4191 − 08
TABLE 1 Determination of Bias for Sodium in Reagent Water by
7.2 S
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4191–03 Designation:D4191–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of low amounts of sodium in waters having low solids content. The applicable
range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be extended upward
by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line (see Test Method D 3561).
Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low
level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer system available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer
as well as the experience and skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test
method in the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range.
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked reagent water. It is the analyst’s responsibility to assure the validity
of the test method to other low dissolved solids matrices.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
3
D 1129Terminology Relating to Water
3
D1192Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits Terminology Relating to Water
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D-19D19 on Water
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines byAtomicAbsorption
Spectrophotometry
D 5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D 5847 Practice for the Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Sodium is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The sodium content is determined by aspirating the
low solids sample directly with no sample pretreatment.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Sodium salts are very soluble, and sodium leached from soil and rocks tends to remain in solution. Water with a high ratio
of sodium to calcium is deleterious to soil structure.
5.2 Sodium is not particularly significant in potable water except for those persons having an abnormal sodium metabolism, but
water supplies in some areas contain sufficient sodium to be a factor in the planning of sodium-free diets.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 onWater and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents inWater.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published January 2003. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D4191–97.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4191 – 03.
2
Platte, J. A., and Marcy, V. M., “A New Tool for the Water Chemist,” Industrial Water Engineering, May 1965 .
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4191–08
5.3 The use of sodium salts is common in industry; therefore, many industrial wastewaters contain significant quantities of
sodium. For high-pressure boiler feed-water even trace amounts of sodium are of concern.
6. Interferences
6.1 In the analysis of low-solids water, interferences are usually negligible.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Atomic Absor
...
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