ASTM E1606-99(2004)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Copper Redraw Rod for Electrical Purposes
Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Copper Redraw Rod for Electrical Purposes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Eddy-current examination is a nondestructive method of locating surface discontinuities in a product. Signals can be produced by discontinuities located on the surface of the rod. Since the density of eddy-currents decreases nearly exponentially as the distance from the surface increases, deep-seated defects may be undetected.
Some indications obtained by this practice may not be relevant to product quality. For example, a signal may be caused by minute flaws or irregularities, by anomalies in the material, or by other factors such as operator error, or a combination thereof, that are not detrimental to the end use of the product. Nonrelevant indications can mask unacceptable discontinuities. On the other hand, relevant indications are those that may result from nonacceptable discontinuities and should be determined by agreement between the user and the supplier. Any indication that is believed to be irrelevant shall be regarded as unacceptable until it is demonstrated by reexamination or other means to be nonrelevant.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures that shall be followed in electromagnetic (eddy-current) examination of copper redraw rods for detecting discontinuities or imperfections of a severity likely to cause failure or markedly impair surface quality of the rod. These procedures are applicable for continuous lengths of redraw rod in diameters from 1/4 to 13/8 in. [6.4 to 35 mm] suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors.
1.2 This practice covers redraw rod made from tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers.
1.3 The procedures described in this practice are based on methods for making use of stationary encircling annular test coil systems.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation:E1606–99 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Copper
Redraw Rod for Electrical Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made to provide consistent terminology, where applicable in May 2004.
1. Scope ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
1.1 This practice covers the procedures that shall be fol-
2.3 AIA Standard:
lowedinelectromagnetic(eddy-current)examinationofcopper
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
redraw rods for detecting discontinuities or imperfections of a
Testing Personnel
severity likely to cause failure or markedly impair surface
quality of the rod. These procedures are applicable for con-
3. Terminology
1 3
tinuous lengths of redraw rod in diameters from ⁄4 to 1 ⁄8 in.
3.1 Definitions—Standard terminology relating to electro-
[6.4 to 35 mm] suitable for further fabrication into electrical
magnetic (eddy-current) examination may be found in Termi-
conductors.
nology E 1316, Section C, Electromagnetic Testing.
1.2 This practice covers redraw rod made from tough-pitch
or oxygen-free coppers.
4. Summary of Practice
1.3 The procedures described in this practice are based on
4.1 Examination is performed by passing the rod lengthwise
methods for making use of stationary encircling annular test
through a coil energized with alternating current at a fixed
coil systems.
frequency. The electrical impedance of the coil is affected by
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
rod vibrations, rod dimensions, electrical conductivity of the
as the standard. The SI equivalents of inch-pound units may be
rod material, and metallurgical or mechanical discontinuities in
approximate.
the rod surface. During passage of the rod, the changes in
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
impedance caused by these variables in the rod produce
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
electrical signals that are processed so as to actuate an audio,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
visual, or electrical signaling device or mechanical marker that
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
produces a record.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2 5.1 Eddy-current examination is a nondestructive method of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
locating surface discontinuities in a product. Signals can be
E 543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
produced by discontinuities located on the surface of the rod.
Testing
Since the density of eddy-currents decreases nearly exponen-
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examination
tially as the distance from the surface increases, deep-seated
2.2 ASNT Standards:
defects may be undetected.
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
3 5.2 Some indications obtained by this practice may not be
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
relevant to product quality. For example, a signal may be
caused by minute flaws or irregularities, by anomalies in the
material, or by other factors such as operator error, or a
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
combination thereof, that are not detrimental to the end use of
Electromagnetic Method.
the product. Nonrelevant indications can mask unacceptable
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
discontinuities. On the other hand, relevant indications are
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E 1606 - 99.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or those that may result from nonacceptable discontinuities and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available fromTheAmerican Society for NondestructiveTesting (ASNT), P.O. Available from the Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250
Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518. Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
E1606–99 (2004)
should be determined by agreement between the user and the 8.1.1 The standardization rod used when adjusting the
supplier. Any indication that is believed to be irrelevant shall sensitivity setting of the apparatus shall be selected from a
be regarded as unacceptable until it is demonstrated by
typical production run and shall be representative of the
reexamination or other means to be nonrelevant.
purchaser’s order. Furthermore, it shall be processed subse-
quentlyintoamechanicallyshavedormachinedcondition.The
6. Basis of Application
rods shall be passed through the test coil with the instrument
6.1 Personnel Qualification—If specified in the contractual sensitivity set high enough to determine the nominal back-
agreement, personnel performing examinations to this practice
ground noise inherent in the rods. Any standard used shall be
shall be qualified in accordance with a nationally recognized
selected from rods exhibiting low background noise.
nondestructive testing (NDT) personnel qualification practice
8.1.2 The artificial discontinuities shall be spaced to provide
or standard, such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, NAS-
signal resolution adequate for interpretation. These artificial
410, or a similar document and certified by the employer or
discontinuities shall be prepared with a hole drilled radially
certifying agency, as applicable. The practice or standard used
into the rod in each of three successive transverse planes at 0,
and its applicable revision shall be identified in the contractual
120, and 240°, and one round bottom transverse notch on the
agreement between the using parties.
rod surface at 120° (Fig. 1).
6.2 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies—If specified
8.1.2.1 Drilled Holes—The holes shall be drilled radially
in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified
with No. 72 drill into the rod using a suitable drill jig that has
and evaluated as described in Practice E 543. The applicable
a bushing to guide the drill, with care being taken to avoid
edition of Practice E 543 shall be specified in the contractual
distortion or mechanical damage of the rod while drilling. The
agreement.
diameter of the drilled hole shall be 0.025 in. [0.635 mm] and
7. Apparatus
shall not vary by more than 60.001 in. [60.025 mm]. The
depthshallbe0.075in.[1.90mm]andshallnotvarymorethan
7.1 Electronic Apparatus, capable of energizing the test coil
60.003 in. [60.076 mm].
with alternating currents of suitable frequencies (for example,
in the range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz), a
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