ASTM D4427-13(2017)
(Classification)Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to standardize the naming of peat materials so that the peat-producer can better identify the product and the peat-consumer can better select peat materials to meet requirements. This system may also be used for peat resource evaluations, environmental impact reports, and preliminary engineering studies. The parameters selected for use in this classification are ones which have been determined to relate to the agricultural/horticultural, geotechnical, and energy uses of peats.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification is a system for subdividing and assigning nomenclature to peat samples through laboratory tests.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:D4427 −13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Classification of
Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of common technical terms
1.1 This classification is a system for subdividing and
in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
assigning nomenclature to peat samples through laboratory
tests.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 absorbency—the amount of water by mass that can be
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
held by the peat. This amount is expressed in terms of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
water-holdingcapacityasmeasuredusingTestMethodD2980.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.2 acidity—expressed as the pH of the peat in water as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measured using Test Method D2976.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.3 ash content—the percentage by dry mass of material
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
remaining after the oven dry peat is burned, using the methods
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
described in Test Methods D2974.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.4 botanical composition—the dominant plant genus,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
genera,orinformalplantgroupidentifiedbyvisualobservation
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
as comprising a portion of the fiber in the peat.
3.2.5 fiber content—the dry mass of fibers remaining after
2. Referenced Documents
wet sieving over a No. 100 (150-µm) sieve. Fiber content is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
expressed as a percentage of the original dry mass, using the
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
method described in Test Method D1997.
Fluids
4. Significance and Use
D1997Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the
Fiber Content of Peat Samples by Dry Mass
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to standardize the
D2974Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter
naming of peat materials so that the peat-producer can better
of Peat and Other Organic Soils
identify the product and the peat-consumer can better select
D2976Test Method for pH of Peat Materials
peat materials to meet requirements. This system may also be
D2980 Test Method for Saturated Density, Moisture-
used for peat resource evaluations, environmental impact
Holding Capacity, and Porosity of Saturated Peat Materi-
reports, and preliminary engineering studies. The parameters
als
selected for use in this classification are ones which have been
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
determined to relate to the agricultural/horticultural,
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
geotechnical, and energy uses of peats.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
andobjectivetesting.Usersofthisstandardarecautionedthatcompliance
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification
with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable
and Classification of Soils.
results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved
evaluating some of those factors.
in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4427–13. DOI: 10.1520/
D4427-13R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Sampling
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Representative samples of the peat should be used. The
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. size and type of sample needed is dependent on the tests to be
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4427−13 (2017)
performedandthecoarsenessandmoisturecontentofthepeat. 6.5.2 If two or more botanical designations are used in
When taking the sample, it should be accurately identified and naming the peat, for example, Reed-Sedge Peat, Bay-Gum
placed in a sealed container
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4427 − 13 D4427 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Classification of
Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This classification is a system for subdividing and assigning nomenclature to peat samples through laboratory tests.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1997 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat Samples by Dry Mass
D2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
D2976 Test Method for pH of Peat Materials
D2980 Test Method for Saturated Density, Moisture-Holding Capacity, and Porosity of Saturated Peat Materials
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 absorbency—the amount of water by mass that can be held by the peat. This amount is expressed in terms of the
water-holding capacity as measured using Test Method D2980.
3.2.2 acidity—expressed as the pH of the peat in water as measured using Test Method D2976.
3.2.3 ash content—the percentage by dry mass of material remaining after the oven dry peat is burned, using the methods
described in Test Methods D2974.
3.2.4 botanical composition—the dominant plant genus, genera, or informal plant group identified by visual observation as
comprising a portion of the fiber in the peat.
3.2.5 fiber content—the dry mass of fibers remaining after wet sieving over a No. 100 (150-μm) sieve. Fiber content is expressed
as a percentage of the original dry mass, using the method described in Test Method D1997.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to standardize the naming of peat materials so that the peat-producer can better identify
the product and the peat-consumer can better select peat materials to meet requirements. This system may also be used for peat
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification and
Classification of Soils.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013May 1, 2017. Published July 2013July 2017. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 as
D4427 – 07.D4427 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D4427-13.10.1520/D4427-13R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4427 − 13 (2017)
resource evaluations, environmental impact reports, and preliminary engineering studies. The parameters selected for use in this
classification are ones which have been determined to relate to the agricultural/horticultural, geotechnical, and energy uses of peats.
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the
equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users
of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;
Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
5. Sampling
5.1 Representative samples of the peat should be used. The size and type of sample needed is dependent on the tests to be
performed and the coarseness and moisture content of the peat. When taking the sample, it should be accurately identified and
placed in a sealed container to prevent moisture loss.
6. Basis for Classification
6.1 Fiber Content:
6.1.1 Fibric—Peat with greater than 67 % fibers.
6.1.2 Hemic—Peat with between 33 % and 67 % fibers.
6.1.3 Sapric—Peat with less than 33 % fibers.
NOTE 2—These fiber content categories may be rel
...
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