ASTM D4427-13
(Classification)Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to standardize the naming of peat materials so that the peat-producer can better identify the product and the peat-consumer can better select peat materials to meet requirements. This system may also be used for peat resource evaluations, environmental impact reports, and preliminary engineering studies. The parameters selected for use in this classification are ones which have been determined to relate to the agricultural/horticultural, geotechnical, and energy uses of peats.Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification is a system for subdividing and assigning nomenclature to peat samples through laboratory tests.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4427 −13
Standard Classification of
1
Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.2.1 absorbency—the amount of water by mass that can be
held by the peat. This amount is expressed in terms of the
1.1 This classification is a system for subdividing and
water-holdingcapacityasmeasuredusingTestMethodD2980.
assigning nomenclature to peat samples through laboratory
tests.
3.2.2 acidity—expressed as the pH of the peat in water as
measured using Test Method D2976.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3 ash content—the percentage by dry mass of material
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
remaining after the oven dry peat is burned, using the methods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
described in Test Methods D2974.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 botanical composition—the dominant plant genus,
genera,orinformalplantgroupidentifiedbyvisualobservation
2. Referenced Documents
as comprising a portion of the fiber in the peat.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.5 fiber content—the dry mass of fibers remaining after
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
wet sieving over a No. 100 (150-µm) sieve. Fiber content is
Fluids
expressed as a percentage of the original dry mass, using the
D1997Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the
method described in Test Method D1997.
Fiber Content of Peat Samples by Dry Mass
D2974Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter
4. Significance and Use
of Peat and Other Organic Soils
D2976Test Method for pH of Peat Materials (Withdrawn
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to standardize the
3
2013)
naming of peat materials so that the peat-producer can better
D2980Test Method for Volume Mass, Moisture-Holding
identify the product and the peat-consumer can better select
Capacity, and Porocity of Saturated Peat Materials
peat materials to meet requirements. This system may also be
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
used for peat resource evaluations, environmental impact
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
reports, and preliminary engineering studies. The parameters
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
selected for use in this classification are ones which have been
determined to relate to the agricultural/horticultural,
3. Terminology
geotechnical, and energy uses of peats.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of common technical terms
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
andobjectivetesting.Usersofthisstandardarecautionedthatcompliance
with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification
evaluating some of those factors.
and Classification of Soils.
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4427–07. DOI: 10.1520/ 5. Sampling
D4427-13.
2
5.1 Representative samples of the peat should be used. The
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
size and type of sample needed is dependent on the tests to be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
performedandthecoarsenessandmoisturecontentofthepeat.
the ASTM website.
3
When taking the sample, it should be accurately identified and
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. placed in a sealed container to prevent moisture loss.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4427−13
6. Basis for Classification Peat, Myric
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4427 − 07 D4427 − 13
Standard Classification of
1
Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This classification is a system for subdividing and assigning nomenclature to peat samples through laboratory tests.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1997 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat Samples by Dry Mass
D2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
3
D2976 Test Method for pH of Peat Materials (Withdrawn 2013)
D2980 Test Method for Volume Mass, Moisture-Holding Capacity, and Porocity of Saturated Peat Materials
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Definitions
3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.—For
3.1.2 peat—a naturally-occurring highly organic substance derived primarily from plant materials. Peat is distinguished from
other organic soil materials by its lower ash content (less than 25 % ash by dry weight (see Test Methods D2974)), and from other
phytogenic material of higher rank (that is, lignite coal) by its lower calorific value on a water saturated basis. definitions of
common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 absorbency—the maximum amount of moisture (by weight)water by mass that can be held by the peat. This amount is
expressed in terms of the water-holding capacity as measured using Test Method D2980.
3.2.2 acidity—this is expressed as the pH of the peat in water as measured using Test Method D2976.
3.2.3 ash content—the percentage by dry weightmass of material remaining after the oven dry peat is burned, using the methods
described in Test Methods D2974.
3.2.4 botanical composition—the dominant plant genus, genera, or informal plant group identified by visual inspectionobser-
vation as comprising a portion of the fiber in the peat.
3.2.5 fiber content—the dry weightmass of fibers remaining on a 100 mesh sieve after wet sieving. after wet sieving over a No.
100 (150-μm) sieve. Fiber content is expressed as a percentage of the original dry weight,mass, using the method described in Test
Method D1997.
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification and
Classification of Soils.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007July 1, 2013. Published June 2007July 2013. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
D4427 – 92D4427 – 07.(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D4427-07.10.1520/D4427-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4427 − 13
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to standardize the naming of peat materials so that the peat-producer can better identify
the product and the peat-consumer can better select peat materials to meet requirements. This system may also be used for peat
resource evaluations, environmental impact reports, and preliminary engineering studies. The parameters selected for use in this
classification are ones which have been determ
...
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