ASTM D4052-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products.
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15 °C.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density, relative density, and API Gravity of petroleum distillates and viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at the temperature of test, utilizing either manual or automated sample injection equipment. Its application is restricted to liquids with total vapor pressures (see Test Method D5191) typically below 100 kPa and viscosities (see Test Method D445 or D7042) typically below about 15 000 mm2/s at the temperature of test. The total vapor pressure limitation however can be extended to >100 kPa provided that it is first ascertained that no bubbles form in the U-shaped, oscillating tube, which can affect the density determination. Some examples of products that may be tested by this procedure include: gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends, diesel, jet, basestocks, waxes, and lubricating oils.
1.1.1 Waxes and highly viscous samples were not included in the 1999 interlaboratory study (ILS) sample set that was used to determine the current precision statements of the method, since all samples evaluated at the time were analyzed at a test temperature of 15 °C. Wax and highly viscous samples require a temperature cell operated at elevated temperatures necessary to ensure a liquid test specimen is introduced for analysis. Consult instrument manufacturer instructions for appropriate guidance and precautions when attempting to analyze wax or highly viscous samples. Refer to the Precision and Bias section of the method and Note 9 for more detailed information about the 1999 ILS that was conducted.
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee method is the one where samples are introduced manually as in 6.3 or 6.4, as appropriate for sample type.
1.3 When testing opaque samples, and when not using equipment that is capable of automatic bubble detection, proper procedure shall be established so that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell can be established with certainty. For the determination of density in crude oil samples use Test Method D5002.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard, unless stated otherwise. The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 10.3.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Designation: D4052 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by
1
Digital Density Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4052; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* bubbles in the sample cell can be established with certainty.
For the determination of density in crude oil samples use Test
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthedensity,
Method D5002.
relative density, and API Gravity of petroleum distillates and
viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids 1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the
at the temperature of test, utilizing either manual or automated standard, unless stated otherwise. The accepted units of mea-
sample injection equipment. Its application is restricted to sure for density are grams per millilitre (g/mL) or kilograms
3
liquids with total vapor pressures (see Test Method D5191) per cubic metre (kg/m ).
typicallybelow100kPaandviscosities(seeTestMethodD445
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2
orD7042)typicallybelowabout15000mm /satthetempera-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tureoftest.Thetotalvaporpressurelimitationhowevercanbe
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
extended to >100kPa provided that it is first ascertained that
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
no bubbles form in the U-shaped, oscillating tube, which can
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
affect the density determination. Some examples of products
For specific warning statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 10.3.
that may be tested by this procedure include: gasoline and
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
gasoline-oxygenate blends, diesel, jet, basestocks, waxes, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
lubricating oils.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.1.1 Waxes and highly viscous samples were not included
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
in the 1999 interlaboratory study (ILS) sample set that was
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
used to determine the current precision statements of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
method, since all samples evaluated at the time were analyzed
atatesttemperatureof15°C.Waxandhighlyviscoussamples
2. Referenced Documents
require a temperature cell operated at elevated temperatures 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
necessary to ensure a liquid test specimen is introduced for
D287Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
analysis. Consult instrument manufacturer instructions for
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
appropriate guidance and precautions when attempting to
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
analyze wax or highly viscous samples. Refer to the Precision
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
and Bias section of the method and Note 9 for more detailed
ity)
information about the 1999 ILS that was conducted.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee method is the one where
D1250Guide for Use of the Petroleum MeasurementTables
samples are introduced manually as in 6.3 or 6.4, as appropri- D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
ate for sample type. Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1.3 When testing opaque samples, and when not using
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
equipment that is capable of automatic bubble detection,
Petroleum Products
proper procedure shall be established so that the absence of air
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4052–16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4052-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr H
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4052 − 16 D4052 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by
1
Digital Density Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4052; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density, relative density, and API Gravity of petroleum distillates and
viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at the temperature of test, utilizing either manual or automated
sample injection equipment. Its application is restricted to liquids with total vapor pressures (see Test Method D5191) typically
2
below 100 kPa and viscosities (see Test Method D445 or D7042) typically below about 15 000 mm /s at the temperature of test.
The total vapor pressure limitation however can be extended to >100 kPa provided that it is first ascertained that no bubbles form
in the U-shaped, oscillating tube, which can affect the density determination. Some examples of products that may be tested by
this procedure include: gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends, diesel, jet, basestocks, waxes, and lubricating oils.
1.1.1 Waxes and highly viscous samples were not included in the 1999 interlaboratory study (ILS) sample set that was used to
determine the current precision statements of the method, since all samples evaluated at the time were analyzed at a test
temperature of 15 °C. Wax and highly viscous samples require a temperature cell operated at elevated temperatures necessary to
ensure a liquid test specimen is introduced for analysis. Consult instrument manufacturer instructions for appropriate guidance and
precautions when attempting to analyze wax or highly viscous samples. Refer to the Precision and Bias section of the method and
Note 89 for more detailed information about the 1999 ILS that was conducted.
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee method is the one where samples are introduced manually as in 6.3 or 6.4, as appropriate
for sample type.
1.3 When testing opaque samples, and when not using equipment that is capable of automatic bubble detection, proper
procedure shall be established so that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell can be established with certainty. For the
determination of density in crude oil samples use Test Method D5002.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard, unless stated otherwise. The accepted units of measure for density
3
are grams per millilitre (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m ).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 10.3.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016May 1, 2018. Published January 2017May 2018. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 as
D4052 – 15.D4052 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D4052-16.10.1520/D4052-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on t
...
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