ASTM D1480-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess the quality of crude oils.
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15 °C.
5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated temperatures of 40 °C and 100 °C is particularly useful in providing the data needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in mm2/s (centistokes) to the corresponding dynamic viscosities in mPa·s (centipoises).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids of vapor pressures below 80 kPa (600 mm Hg) and viscosities below 40 000 mm2/s (cSt) at the test temperature. The method is designed for use at any temperature between 20 °C and 100 °C. It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the precision section does not apply.
Note 1: For the determination of density of materials which are fluid at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for converting density to specific gravity.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D1480 −21
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous
1
Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the mea-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
surement of the density of materials which are fluid at the
desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids
2. Referenced Documents
of vapor pressures below 80kPa (600 mm Hg) and viscosities
2
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
below 40000 mm /s (cSt) at the test temperature. The method
D1217Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
is designed for use at any temperature between 20°C and
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
100°C. It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
case the precision section does not apply.
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
NOTE 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid
D8278Specification for Digital Contact Thermometers for
at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.
Test Methods Measuring Flow Properties of Fuels and
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for
Lubricants
converting density to specific gravity.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
3.1 Definitions:
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
3.1.1 density, n—mass per unit volume at a specified
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
temperature. D4052
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
3.1.2 relative density, n—the ratio of the density of a
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) material at a stated temperature to the density of water at a
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
stated temperature. D4052
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
4. Summary of Test Method
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
in their location.
4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into the pycnometer,
equilibrated to the desired temperature, and weighed. The
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
density or specific gravity is then calculated from this weight
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and the previously determined calibration factor, and a correc-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion is applied for the buoyancy of air.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both
the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess the
quality of crude oils.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1480–15. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1480-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1480−21
5.2
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1480 − 15 D1480 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous
1
Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the desired test
temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids of vapor pressures below 80 kPa (600 mm Hg) and viscosities below 40 000
2
mm /s (cSt) at the test temperature. The method is designed for use at any temperature between 20 °C and 100 °C. It can be used
at higher temperatures; however, in this case the precision section does not apply.
NOTE 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for converting density to specific gravity.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous materialsubstance that can cause
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, may has been demonstrated to be
hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury
containing mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware (SDS) for additional informa-
tion. The potential exists that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products in your state or country may be prohibited by
law.or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their
location.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015April 1, 2021. Published February 2016April 2021. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20122015 as
D1480D1480 – 15.–12. DOI: 10.1520/D1480-15.10.1520/D1480-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1480 − 21
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D8278 Specification for Digital Contact Thermometers for Test Methods Measuring Flow Properties of Fuels and Lubricants
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density, n—mass per unit volume at a specified temperature. D4052
3.1.2 relative density, n—the ratio of the density of a material at a stated temperature to the density of water at a stated temperature.
D4052
4. Summary of Test
...
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